EXPRESS model of ISO 15926-2 mapped to OWL DataModel April 2007 An AbstractObject is a Thing that does not exist in space-time. An Activity is a PossibleIndividual that brings about change by causing the Event that marks the Beginning, or the Event that marks the Ending of a PossibleIndividual . An Activity consists of the temporal parts of those members of PossibleIndividual that participate in the Activity. The participating temporal parts will be classified by the ParticipatingRoleAndDomain that indicates the role of the temporal part in the Activity. Pumping a fluid with a mechanical pump can be represented by an instance of Activity . An ActualIndividual is a PossibleIndividual that is a part of the space-time continuum that we inhabit. It exists in the present, past, or future of our universe, as opposed to some imagined universe. The things we plan can usually only be assumed to be part of some imagined universe, until they come about. The Eiffel Tower is an ActualIndividual. The fictional character, Sherlock Holmes, is a PossibleIndividual who is not an ActualIndividual . The Earth in the year 2300 (assuming it still exists) is an ActualIndividual. An Approval is a Relationship that indicates that a Relationship has been approved by a PossibleIndividual that is an approver. Care should be taken as to what is approved. Sometimes it will not be say a pump that is approved, but the participation of the pump in a particular Activity, or member of some ClassOfActivity . The InvolvementByReference of a plant design with a construction activity, being approved by the site manager, is an example of an Approval. An ArithmeticNumber is a ClassOfClass whose member classes have the same sign and count or magnitude. An ArithmeticNumber is the number itself, not any representation of the number. The number 2 and the number 2.0 can be represented by instances of ArithmeticNumber . Fifteen, the number itself not the English word "fifteen", is an ArithmeticNumber. It could be represented by an ExpressInteger or an ExpressReal but could also be represented by "XV", or a binary, or a hexadecimal representation. An ArrangedIndividual is a PossibleIndividual that has parts that play distinct roles with respect to the whole. The qualities of an ArrangedIndividual are distinct from the qualities of its parts. The vessel with serial number V-1234 is an ArrangedIndividual . The company Bloggs Co. is an ArrangedIndividual . John Doe is an ArrangedIndividual . An ArrangementOfIndividual is a CompositionOfIndividual that indicates that the part is a part of an ArrangedIndividual. The temporal extent of the part is that of the whole. An ArrangementOfIndividual may be an AssemblyOfIndividual. The term "arranged" implies that parts have particular roles with respect to the whole. The natures of the relations to other parts of the whole are not specified by the arrangement relation. Relationships like ConnectionOfIndividual and RelativeLocation would indicate this. The relationship that indicates that a particular aircraft is flying as part of a formation can be represented by an instance of ArrangementOfIndividual. The relationship that indicates that a particular bin in a warehouse is part of the warehouse layout can be represented by an instance of ArrangementOfIndividual. An AssemblyOfIndividual is an ArrangementOfIndividual that indicates that the part is connected directly or indirectly to other parts of the whole. The parts and wholes are supermolecular objects. Composition of molecules and smaller is represented through instances of ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual. The relation that indicates that a temporal part of an impeller is a part of an assembled pump can be represented by an instance of AssemblyOfIndividual. A Beginning is a TemporalBounding that marks the temporal start of a PossibleIndividual. The relation that indicates that the PointInTime known as 0000hrs 1st July 1999 UTC is the beginning of the PeriodInTime known as July 1999 00:00UTC can be represented by an instance of Beginning. The relation that indicates that the Event 'loading complete' marks the start of the PossibleIndividual 'loading plant idle' can be represented by an instance of Beginning. A BoundaryOfNumberSpace is a Specialization that indicates that a NumberSpace is a boundary to another NumberSpace. The original superclass "Specialization" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. The side of a cube in R3 is a NumberSpace that is a plane in R3 and that is a boundary to the NumberSpace that is a cube in R3. A BoundaryOfPropertySpace is a Specialization that indicates the members of the subclass form a boundary of the superclass. The original superclass "Specialization" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. For reasons of mapping to OWL where Specialization is represented by rdfs:subClassOf, the expressivity of this relationship would be lost; for that reason we have mapped it to the supertype of Specialization, i.e. Relationship. The PropertySpace that corresponds to the maximum speed head flow curve is a boundary of the PropertySpace that corresponds to the pump operating envelope. A Cardinality is a Class that is the maximum and/or minimum number of times a thing can play a particular role in a ClassOfRelationship or ClassOfMultidimensionalObject. Do not use in RDF+OWL. Use owl:cardinality, owl:minCardinality, or owl:maxCardinality instead. A minimum of 1 and a maximum of 1 means that there is exactly one Relationship MultidimensionalObject of this type for each object. A CauseOfEvent is a Relationship that indicates that the caused Event is caused by the causer Activity. The relation that indicates that the tanker loading activity caused the Event described as 'tank liquid level full' can be represented by an instance of CauseOfEvent. A Class is a Thing that is an understanding of the nature of things and that divides things into those which are members of the class and those which are not according to one or more criteria. The identity of a Class is ultimately defined by its members. No two classes have the same membership. However, a distinction must be made between a Class having members, and those members being known, so within an information system the members recorded may change over time, even though the true membership does not change. The membership of a Class is unchanging as a result of the spatio-temporal paradigm upon which this schema is based. In another paradigm it might be stated that a car is red at one time, and green at another time, indicating that the class of red things and class of green things changed members. However, using a spatio-temporal paradigm, a temporal part, state 1, of the car is red, and another temporal part of the car, state 2, is green. In this way the members of the classes red and green are unchanging. The same principle applies to future temporal parts as to past temporal parts, it is just more likely that the membership of these is not known. A class may be a member of another class or itself. The set theory that applies to classes in this model is non-wellfounded set theory (see: ACZEL, Peter. Non-Well-Founded Sets, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford, California, 1988, ISBN 0937073229. This permits statements like "class is a member of class", unlike traditional set theories such as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory found in standard texts (see: ITҬ K. (editor). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Mathematics, Mathematical Society of Japan, Edition 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 1993, ISBN 0262590204) There is a null Class that has no members. Although there is only one Class that has no members, there can be a Class that has no members in the actual world, but which does have members in other possible worlds. The known members of a Class are identified by Classification. Centrifugal pump is a Class. Mechanical equipment type is a Class. Temperature is a Class. Commercial fusion reactor is a Class, with no members at present. The Centigrade scale is a Class. A Classification is type of Relationship that indicates that the 'classified' Thing is a member of the 'classifier' Class. Classification is not transitive. A subtype of Relationship is transitive if when A is related to B, and B is related to C in the same way, then A is necessarily related to C in that way. Specialization and Composition are examples of transitive subtypes of Relationship. However, because Classification is not transitive does not mean that A cannot be related to C in the same way, only that it does not necessarily follow from A being related to B and B being related to C. In RDF this relationship is represented by rdf:type. Although redundant always the triple Thing rdf:type Class shall be created in parallel with this Classification relationship. The Relationship that indicates that London is a member of the class known as 'capital city' is a Classification. The Relationship that indicates that the Class 'pump' is a member of the ClassOfClass 'equipment type' is a Classification. A ClassOfAbstractObject is a Class whose members classify members A ClassOfActivity is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are instances of Activity. Behaviour is a term used to describe a ClassOfActivity either where there are preconditions and the ClassOfActivity is a response to those preconditions, e.g. reaction to touching a hot surface, or where the way an activity occurs is described by some property or function, e.g. fluid flow being described by the viscosity of the fluid. Drilling, distilling, and approving can be represented by instances of ClassOfActivity. A ClassOfApproval is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are members of Approval that indicates that members of the ClassOfIndividual are approvers in an Approval for the members of the Class that are approved. That site managers approve designs for construction (a ClassOfInvolvementByReference ) is an example of ClassOfApproval. A ClassOfApprovalByStatus is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates a status of the approval that is independent of what is being approved by whom. approved, approved with comments, disapproved with comments are examples of ClassOfApprovalByStatus. A ClassOfArrangedIndividual is a ClassOfIndividual whose members are an arrangement of components. The ONEOF constraint on some of the subtypes does not prevent a particular PossibleIndividual from being, say, classified by ClassOfBiologicalMatter and a member of a particular ClassOfCompositeMaterial. It is only the classes themselves that are not members of more than one of the entity types. Specifications or descriptions of useful objects are often intersections of several arrangement classes, allowing both shape and material aspects to be constrained. In this part of ISO 15926, such intersections are members of ClassOfArrangedIndividual, ClassOfFeature, ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject, ClassOfOrganization, ClassOfActivity, ClassOfOrganism, or ClassOfInformationObject. Robocop is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that has some parts that are members of some ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject and parts that are members of some ClassOfOrganism. A ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual is a ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual whose members are instances of ArrangementOfIndividual. The fact that water is made up of H2O molecules is an instance of ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual. A ClassOfAssemblyOfIndividual is a ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual whose members are instances of AssemblyOfIndividual. That impellers are parts of centrifugal pumps is a ClassOfAssemblyOfIndividual. A ClassOfAssertion is a ClassOfRelationship that describes the assertive nature of the member relations. Asserting, denying, and probabilistic can be represented by instance of ClassOfAssertion. A ClassOfAtom is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are atoms. All entries in the periodic table of elements can be represented by instances of ClassOfAtom. A ClassOfBiologicalMatter is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are particular types of cell or aggregations of cells. The classes known as 'blood', 'enzyme', and 'plasma' can be represented by instances of ClassOfBiologicalMatter. A ClassOfCauseOfBeginningOfClassOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that a member of a ClassOfActivity causes the beginning of a member of a ClassOfIndividual. A car manufacturing activity causes the beginning of a car. A ClassOfCauseOfEndingOfClassOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that a member of the ClassOfActivity causes the ending of a member of the ClassOfIndividual. A car crushing activity causes the end of the life of a car. A ClassOfClass is a Class whose members are instances of Class. When it is necessary to classify a ClassOfClass, another ClassOfClass can be used. This is because a ClassOfClass is a Class. A ClassOfClassification is ClassOfRelationship whose members are members of Classification. A ClassOfClassification indicates that a member of the classOfClassified Class is classified by one or more members of the classOfClassifier ClassOfClass. The link between Class centrifugal pump and the ClassOfProperty RPM, indicating that a centrifugal pump is a member of at least one RPM class, can be represented by an instance of ClassOfClassification. A ClassOfClassOfComposition is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are instances of ClassOfComposition . It indicates that a member of a member of the classOfClassOfPart is a part of a member of an instance of the classOfClassOfWhole. Toxicity description is a classOfClassOfPart of a material data sheet, where the description "has carcinogenic components" is a classOfPart on the Mogas Material Safety Data Sheet, and copy #5 of the Mogas Material Safety Data Sheet has "has carcinogenic components" as a part. A ClassOfClassOfDefinition is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation whose members are members of ClassOfDefinition. 'Normative' is a ClassOfClassOfDefinition. A ClassOfClassOfDescription is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation whose members are members of ClassOfDescription. 'Service description' is a ClassOfClassOfDescription. A ClassOfClassOfIdentification is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation whose members are members of ClassOfIdentification. The link between the Class 'family of manufactured parts' and the RepresentationForm 'ISO 13584 Basic Semantic Unit', that indicates that part families can be identified using ISO 13584, can be represented by an instance of ClassOfClassOfIdentification. A ClassOfClassOfIndividual is a ClassOfClass whose members are instances of ClassOfIndividual. "Premium Product" is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual that has ClassOfIndividual "mogas" as a member. A ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual that classifies information representation classes. Integer Octal is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation whose members are all the information representation classes that correspond to Octal-formatted integers. A ClassOfClassOfRelationship is a ClassOfClass whose members are instances of ClassOfRelationship. Reflexive is an example of ClassOfClassOfRelationship. A reflexive ClassOfRelationship is one that may have the same Thing playing both roles, such as connection, where something may be connected to itself. A ClassOfClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship and ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature. The purpose of ClassOfClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is to allow other types of classes of relationship, not explicitly defined as entity data types in this part of ISO 15926, to be defined as reference data. 'Transitive', with the roles from and to indicating the direction of transitivity, is a ClassOfClassOfRelationshipWithSignature. (A ClassOfRelationship is transitive if when A relates to B and B relates to C then A relates to C, all in the same way). A ClassOfClassOfRepresentation is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are instances of ClassOfRepresentationOfThing. The link that indicates that members of the class 'document' can be represented by patterns of the class 'XML' is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation. A ClassOfClassOfRepresentationTranslation is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are members of ClassOfRepresentationTranslation. The class ASCII whose members include all translation classes between members of the ASCII Binary and ASCII Text representation classes is a ClassOfRepresentationTranslation. A ClassOfClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are members of ClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation linking the controller to a set of representations. The link between Weir and the identification set between Weir pumps and Weir serial numbers indicating that the identifications are defined by Weir can be represented by an instance of ClassOfClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation. A ClassOfClassOfUsageOfRepresentation is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are members of ClassOfUsageOfRepresentation linking the user to a set of representations. The link between a user company and the identification set between Weir pumps and Weir serial numbers indicating that the user company uses the Weir identifiers can be represented by an instance of ClassOfClassOfUsageOfRepresentation. A ClassOfCompositeMaterial is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members have a common arrangement of separable compounds. Laminates such as plywood, fibreglass, and carbon fibre can be represented by instances of ClassOfCompositeMaterial. Wood, muscle, and skin can be represented by instances of ClassOfCompositeMaterial. A ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are members of CompositionOfIndividual. That piles of sand may have grains of sand as parts is an example of ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual . A ClassOfCompound is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members consist of arrangements of molecules of the same or different types, bound together by intermolecular forces. This includes both mixtures and alloys. Water, sulphuric acid, sand, limestone, and steel can be represented by instances of ClassOfCompound. A ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are members of ConnectionOfIndividual. It indicates that a member of the classOfSide1 ClassOfIndividual can be connected to a member of the classOfSide2 ClassOfIndividual. The classOfSide1 and classOfSide2 indicate the ClassOfIndividual that is the side1 and side2 respectively in a ConnectionOfIndividual that is a member of this ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual. Flexible, rigid, and welded cannot be represented as instances of ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual , these are classes of the materials connected or used in the connection. Electrical connection between wires is a ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual . A ClassOfContainmentOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelativeLocation whose members are instances of ContainmentOfIndividual. It indicates that a member of the classOfLocator ClassOfIndividual can contain a member of the classOfLocated ClassOfIndividual. That 'de-icing fluid' can be contained by a '1500ml screw-top plastic bottle' is a ClassOfContainmentOfIndividual. A ClassOfDefinition is a ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that indicates the pattern is a definition of the represented Class. The link between the pattern 'pump' and the Class that goes by that name in English can be represented by an instance of ClassOfDefinition. A ClassOfDescription is a ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that indicates the pattern is a description of the represented Thing. The link between the pattern 'this is an old bilge pump' and a particular pump can be represented by an instance of ClassOfDescription. A ClassOfDimensionForShape is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship that indicates that members of the classOfShape have a dimension that is a member of the classOfDimension. Specifying that members of the "class of circle" have members of "class of diameter" is an instance of ClassOfDimensionForShape. A ClassOfDirectConnection is a ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual whose members are members of DirectConnection. Three-pin electrical plug into three-pin socket is an example of ClassOfDirectConnection. A ClassOfEvent is a ClassOfIndividual whose members are members of Event. Continuous and instantaneous are instances of ClassOfEvent. A continuous event is one such as a stream boundary flowing through a pipe. A ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation is a ClassOfInformationRepresentation that is defined by ISO 10303-11. In an RDF+OWL implementation use XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation instead, as defined in ISO 15926-4. Deleted ExpressLogical since that is not supported by XML Schema. A ClassOfFeature is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are contiguous, non-separable parts of some PossibleIndividual and have an incompletely defined boundary. The classes known as 'mountain', 'groove', 'rim', 'nozzle', 'nose', and 'raised face' can all be represented as instances of ClassOfFeature. A ClassOfFeatureWholePart is a ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual whose members are instances of FeatureWholePart. Thermowells have stems, and tables have tops are examples of ClassOfFeatureWholePart. A ClassOfFunctionalMapping is a ClassOfRelationship that is a many to one mapping. A ClassOfRelationship is a function. This entity type would naturally have the name of function, but this is an EXPRESS reserved word (note that originally the data model was expressed in EXPRESS). The significance of a function being a many to one mapping is that the same answer is always obtained. So, for example, 5 - 3 always gives 2. Note that the minus function on two other arguments can also give 2. When there are several arguments to a function, then these are presented in a MultidimensionalObject. Minus is an example of ClassOfFunctionalMapping. A ClassOfFunctionalObject is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that indicates the function or purpose of an object. Pump, valve, and car are examples of ClassOfFunctionalObject. Particular models of pump, valve, car, etc are instances of ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject that are specializations of these instances of ClassOfFunctionalObject. A ClassOfIdentification is a ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that indicates that the pattern is used to refer to the represented Thing. The link between the pattern 'AC-1234' and a particular pump, indicating that members of 'AC-1234' are used to refer to the pump, can be represented by an instance of ClassOfIdentification. A ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are not living. The classes known as 'oil' and 'oilwell' can be represented by instances of ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject. A ClassOfIndirectConnection is a ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual whose members are members of IndirectConnection. Drip pipe indirectly connected to drain funnel is an example of ClassOfIndirectConnection. A ClassOfIndirectProperty is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that a member of the ClassOfIndividual can possess a member of the ClassOfProperty as an IndirectProperty of this type. Maximum Allowable Working Pressure is a ClassOfIndirectProperty that is indicated by a pressure, and can be possessed by a pressure vessel. A ClassOfIndividual is a Class whose members are instances of PossibleIndividual. The class known as 'engineer', whose members are people qualified or skilled in engineering principles and practices can be represented by an instance of ClassOfIndividual. A ClassOfIndividualUsedInConnection is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are members of IndividualUsedInConnection. It indicates that a member of the ClassOfIndividual is used in a ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual. The link between the ClassOfIndividualUsedInConnection that indicates that B12 type beams are connected to pipe hangers, and the ClassOfIndividual "20mm Diameter bolt", that indicates that four 20mm diameter bolts are used in the connection of a pipe hanger to a type B12 beam can be represented by an instance of ClassOfIndividualUsedInConnection. A ClassOfInformationObject is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are members of zero or more ClassOfInformationRepresentation and of zero or more ClassOfInformationPresentation. Usually, it is a physical_object (like a paper document) that is classified as a ClassOfInformationObject. 'Newspaper' is a ClassOfInformationObject. A ClassOfInformationPresentation is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that distinguishes styles for presenting information. The character styles bold, italic, Times New Roman, and 16pt can be represented as instances of ClassOfInformationPresentation. A ClassOfInformationRepresentation is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that defines a pattern that represents information. The texts formed with the pattern of characters 's' concatenated with 'u' concatenated with 'n' are members of the 'sun' ClassOfInformationRepresentation. A ClassOfIntendedRoleAndDomain is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that a member of the ClassOfIndividual is intended to act as a member of the RoleAndDomain. Pumps are intended to play the RoleAndDomain of performer in some pumping activity. A ClassOfInvolvementByReference is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are instances of InvolvementByReference. Discussion of historical activities is an example of ClassOfInvolvementByReference. The relation between API 610 and the ClassOfActivity 'design of centrifugal pumps' is represented by an instance of ClassOfInvolvementByReference. A ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping is a ClassOfFunctionalMapping that is isomorphic. The natural logarithm function is a ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping. A ClassOfLeftNamespace is a ClassOfNamespace that indicates that the classOfPart is the left namespace for the members of the classOfClassOfWhole. WC1: is the left namespace for customer site identifiers for Water Company 1. A ClassOfLifecycleStage is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are members of LifecycleStage. 'Planned', 'required', 'expected', and 'proposed' can be represented by instances of ClassOfLifecycleStage. A ClassOfMolecule is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are molecules. H2O, H2SO4, and DNA can be represented by instances of ClassOfMolecule. A ClassOfMultidimensionalObject is a ClassOfAbstractObject whose members are instances of MultidimensionalObject . The role played by each position in the classified MultidimensionalObject is specified at the same position in the roles attribute. Constant values that apply to any position in the roles attribute are specified in the same position in the parameters attribute. The cardinalities for the roles attribute are specified by the same position in the cardinalities attribute. The definition of the input to a function y = a + bx to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit with roles [a, b, x] defining the input MultidimensionalObject, and parameter list [32,1.8,] is an example of a ClassOfMultidimensionalObject. A ClassOfNamespace is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship that indicates that a ClassOfInformationRepresentation is the classOfPart used as a namespace for each member of a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation that is the classOfClassOfWhole. WC1: is used as the name space for a set of water company identifiers. A ClassOfNumber is a ClassOfClass whose members are members of ArithmeticNumber. The class of prime numbers can be represented by an instance ClassOfNumber. A ClassOfOrganism is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are living organisms. Human being, sheep, earthworm, oak tree, and bacteria are instances of ClassOfOrganism. A ClassOfOrganization is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are instances of PhysicalObject that are composed of temporal parts of people and other assets, and are organised with a particular purpose. Company, government, and project team can be represented by instances of ClassOfOrganization. A ClassOfParticipation is a ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual that indicates a member of an instance of ParticipatingRoleAndDomain participates in a member of an instance of ClassOfActivity. 'Conductor of a musical performance' is an example of ClassOfParticipation. A ClassOfParticulateMaterial is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are arranged amounts of supermolecular sized objects of the same or different types. Pile of sand, sand and cement mix, bag of bolts, catalyst fill for a reactor are examples of ClassOfParticulateMaterial. A ClassOfPeriodInTime is a ClassOfIndividual whose members are instances of PeriodInTime. Monday and June are examples of ClassOfPeriodInTime. A ClassOfPerson is a ClassOfOrganism whose members are people. 'Engineer', 'plant manager', 'student', 'male', 'female', 'senior citizen', 'adult', 'girl', and 'boy' can be represented by instances of ClassOfPerson. Engineer, plant manager, and student are also instances of ClassOfFunctionalObject. A ClassOfPointInTime is a ClassOfEvent whose members are members of PointInTime. Midnight is a ClassOfPointInTime. A ClassOfPossibleRoleAndDomain is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates the RoleAndDomain that can be played by a member of the ClassOfIndividual, in some Activity. Pumps can play the role of anchor (although they are not intended to do so). A ClassOfProperty is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual whose members are instances of Property. 'Temperature' is an example of ClassOfProperty. A ClassOfPropertySpace is a ClassOfClass whose members are members of PropertySpace. Property curves, property areas, and property volumes of various dimensionality and degrees of freedom are members of ClassOfPropertySpace. Pump performance curve is an example of ClassOfPropertySpace. A ClassOfRecognition is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that a member of a ClassOfActivity may result in the recognition of a member of a Class. A measurement activity may result in the recognition of the Classification of a PossibleIndividual by a Property. A ClassOfRelationship is a ClassOfAbstractObject whose members are members of Relationship. A ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd1 is a ClassOfRelationship where a particular Thing is related in the ClassOfRelationship, rather than the members of a Class. The related Thing plays the RoleAndDomain indicated by the classOfEnd1 attribute. Products manufactured by Bloggs and Co is a ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd1 that points to Bloggs and Co as the related Thing. A ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd2 is a ClassOfRelationship where a particular Thing is related in the ClassOfRelationship, rather than the members of a Class. The related Thing plays the RoleAndDomain indicated by the classOfEnd2 attribute. Possession of welding skills by John Doe is an example of ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd2 , where John Doe is the related Thing. A ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is a ClassOfRelationship that may have a RoleAndDomain specified for each end. A ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is analogous to a simple EXPRESS attribute and its inverse. More complex objects can be modelled with MultidimensionalObject and ClassOfMultidimensionalObject. Married is a ClassOfRelationship where classOfEnd1 is the RoleAndDomain husband, and classOfEnd2 the RoleAndDomain wife. A ClassOfRelativeLocation is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are instances of RelativeLocation. Beside, above, and below are examples of ClassOfRelativeLocation. A ClassOfRepresentationOfThing is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that all members of the pattern ClassOfInformationRepresentation represent the Thing. The ClassOfRelationship that indicates that occurrences of the pattern denoted by 'London' represent the concept of the capital of the United Kingdom can be represented by an instance of ClassOfRepresentationOfThing. A ClassOfRepresentationTranslation is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates the translation of two instances of ClassOfInformationRepresentation. The link that indicates that the representations 'F' and '15' are equivalent (concept of fifteen in hexadecimal and octal respectively) can be represented by an instance of ClassOfRepresentationTranslation. A ClassOfResposibilityForRepresentation is a ClassOfRelationship whose members indicate that a PossibleIndividual (usually an organization) deems that members of the pattern can be used as representations of the represented Thing. The link between the identification of pump #1234 and the XYZ Corporation, that indicates that the XYZ Corporation controls this identification, can be represented by an instance of ClassOfResposibilityForRepresentation. A ClassOfRightNamespace is a ClassOfNamespace where the classOfPart is the namespace for the members of the classOfClassOfWhole. A ClassOfScale is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are instances of Scale. 'SI Unit' is an instance of ClassOfScale. A ClassOfScaleConversion is a ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping that defines a conversion between two different scales of units used for the quantification of properties. The Fahrenheit scale for temperature and the Celsius scale for temperature can each be represented by instances of Scale. The conversion between these scales can be represented by an instance of ClassOfScaleConversion. A ClassOfShape is a PropertySpace that has instances of Shape as its members. Regular geometric forms such as 'line', 'circle', 'square', 'cylinder', 'sphere', and 'cone' can be represented by instances of ClassOfShape. A ClassOfShapeDimension is a ClassOfClass that is a dimension of a ClassOfShape. 'Diameter', 'height', and 'width' (in general rather than a particular one) are examples of ClassOfShapeDimension. A ClassOfSpecialization is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are instances of Specialization. It indicates that a member of the classOfSubclass is a subclass of a member of the classOfSuperclass. Since in OWL there is no Specialization possible because of the use of the standard rdfs:subClassOf construct, this ClassOfSpecialization cannot be used as such. The ClassOfSpecialization that indicates that members of the class "family of ASME bolts", e.g. '3-inch bolts', '2-inch bolts', are specializations of members of the EnumeratedPropertySet "set of bolt lengths", e.g. '3-inch', '2-inch'. A ClassOfStatus is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual whose members are a Status. An example of ClassOfStatus is 'approval', with members: 'not assessed', 'approved', 'rejected'. A ClassOfSubAtomicParticle is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are constituent particles of atoms. 'Proton', 'electron', 'meson', 'neutron', 'positron', 'muon', 'quark', and 'neutrino' can be represented by instances of ClassOfSubAtomicParticle. A ClassOfTemporalSequence is a ClassOfRelationship where the sequence is of a temporal nature. The link that indicates that members of July follow members of June can be represented by an instance of ClassOfTemporalSequence. The link that indicates that emptying activities for a tank precede cleaning activities can be represented by an instance of ClassOfTemporalSequence. A ClassOfTemporalWholePart is a ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual whose members are members of TemporalWholePart. The class that indicates that Crude Distillation Units may have a maximum naphtha mode can be represented by an instance of ClassOfTemporalWholePart. A ClassOfUsageOfRepresentation is a ClassOfRelationship whose members indicate that a PossibleIndividual (usually an organization) reads or otherwise uses members of the pattern as a representation of the represented Thing. The link between the identification of pump #1234 and contractor ABC Ltd, that indicates that ABC Ltd uses this identification can be represented by a ClassOfClassOfUsageOfRepresentation. A ComparisonOfProperty is a Relationship that indicates the magnitude of one Property is greater than that of another. That the temperature in a room is less than that in a furnace can be indicated by an instance of ComparisonOfProperty. A CompositionOfIndividual is a Relationship that indicates that the part PossibleIndividual is a part of the whole PossibleIndividual. A simple composition is indicated, unless a subtype is instantiated too. CompositionOfIndividual is transitive. Simple composition means that for example no arrangement of parts is necessarily implied or of concern. Where there is an arrangement of parts, this is indicated by an ArrangementOfIndividual , which, by being a subtype, implies also a simple composition. A grain of sand being part of a pile of sand is an example of CompositionOfIndividual. A ConnectionOfIndividual is a Relationship that indicates that matter, energy, or both can be transferred between the members of PossibleIndividual that are connected, either directly or indirectly. There is no significance to the ordering of the two related instances of PossibleIndividual. The names side1 and side2 serve only to distinguish the attributes. A ContainmentOfIndividual is a RelativeLocation where the located PossibleIndividual is contained by the locator PossibleIndividual but is not part of it. Containment is distinct from composition; in composition the whole consists of all of its part, with containment, what is contained is not a part of the container. The contents of a vessel being inside the vessel can be represented by an instance of ContainmentOfIndividual. A CoordinateSystem is a MultidimensionalScale for locating and relating a PossibleIndividual in an n-dimensional space in which arbitrary geometric transformations are valid. The XYZ site coordinate system, is an example of a CoordinateSystem. A CrystallineStructure is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that is a form in which many simple elements and their natural compounds regularly aggregate by the operation of natural affinity: it has a definite internal structure, with the external form of a solid enclosed by a number of symmetrically arranged plane faces, and varying in simplicity from the cube to much more complicated geometric bodies. Ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic are examples of CrystallineStructure. A Definition is a RepresentationOfThing that indicates that the Class is defined by the sign PossibleIndividual. In semiotics, a sign is generally defined as "something that stands for something else, to someone in some capacity". It may be understood as a discrete unit of meaning. Signs are not limited to words but also include images, gestures, scents, tastes, textures, sounds - essentially all of the ways in which information can be processed and communicated by any sentient, reasoning mind. The Relationship between the ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject 'condensate' and the PhysicalObject that is the ink-on-paper (or pixels-on-screeen): "An aggregate which is in condensed form which means in liquid state, resulting from a substance in vapour state." is an instance of Definition. A Description is a RepresentationOfThing that indicates that the PossibleIndividual describes the Thing. A paper copy of the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram for Crude Distillation Unit 1 at refinery X has a Description relationship with the plant. A DifferenceOfSetOfClass is a FunctionalMapping that indicates that the membership of the result Class is the difference between the membership of the union of the classes that are members of the EnumeratedSetOfClass and their intersection. When the EnumeratedSetOfClass consists of a Class and another Class that is a subclass of the first class, then the difference is the complement of the subclass. The difference of the EnumeratedSetOfClass {{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}} is {A,B,D,E}. A DimensionOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that each member of the set of lines that are the IndividualDimension are a dimension of the PossibleIndividual. The set of all lines that pass through the centre of a particular circle and end at the circumference of that circle, are a dimension (diameter) of that circle. The particular dimension is indicated by the DimensionOfShape that classifies the DimensionOfIndividual. A DimensionOfShape is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship that indicates that members of the ShapeDimension are dimensions of the Shape members. The sets of 10m lines that are diameters of 10m circles is an example of DimensionOfShape. A DirectConnection is a ConnectionOfIndividual that indicates that the side1 and side2 are directly connected via a common spatial boundary. The relation that indicates that the plug terminating a serial communications cable is connected to the socket on a piece of computer equipment can be represented by an instance of DirectConnection. A DocumentDefinition is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation that defines the content and/or structure of documents. XYZ Corp. Material Safety Data Sheet is a DocumentDefinition. In ISO 15926-7 a Template Specification defines and describes a template; the latter is a DocumentDefinition . An Ending is a TemporalBounding that marks the end of a PossibleIndividual. The relation that indicates that the PointInTime known as 0000hrs 1st July 1999 GMT is the end of the PeriodInTime known as June 1999 00.00 GMT can be represented by an instance of Ending. The relation that indicates that the Event 'loading complete' marks the end of the PossibleIndividual 'loading plant operating period 1' (a temporal part of the loading plant) is an instance of Ending. An EnumeratedNumberSet is a ClassOfNumber and an EnumeratedSetOfClass. The set of integer numbers {3,4,5} can be represented by an instance of EnumeratedNumberSet. An EnumeratedPropertySet is a ClassOfProperty and an EnumeratedSetOfClass whose members are an enumerated set of properties of the same SinglePropertyDimension or MultidimensionalPropertySpace. {115 Volt, 240 Volt} is an example of an EnumeratedPropertySet. An EnumeratedSetOfClass is a ClassOfClass that is an enumerated set of the instances of Class. Enumerated means that the full set of members is specified. {Plastic, 1.2kg, frame} is an EnumeratedSetOfClass. More generally {{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}} is an EnumeratedSetOfClass. An Event is a PossibleIndividual with zero extent in time. An Event is the temporal boundary of one or more instances of PossibleIndividual, although there may be no knowledge of these instances. The connection of power to a pump is an Event that marks the beginning of a temporal part of that pump. An ExpressBinary is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation that represents a binary value as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.7 . It is strongly advocated to use part4:XmlSchemaBinary instead of this ExpressBinary, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and mapping would be required. An ExpressBoolean is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation that represents a Boolean value as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.5 . It is strongly advocated to use part4:XmlSchemaBoolean instead of this ExpressBoolean, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and mapping would be required. An ExpressInteger is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation that represents an integer number as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.3 . It is strongly advocated to use part4:XmlSchemaInteger instead of this ExpressInteger, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and mapping would be required. An ExpressReal is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation that represents a real number as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.2 . It is strongly advocated to use part4:XmlSchemaFloat instead of this ExpressReal, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and mapping would be required. An ExpressString is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation that represents a string as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.6 . It is strongly advocated to use part4:XmlSchemaString instead of this ExpressString, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and mapping would be required. A FeatureWholePart is an ArrangementOfIndividual that indicates that the part is a non-separable, contiguous part of the whole. This includes wholes that cannot be non-destructively disassembled and reassembled such as the inlet flange of a pump. The relation that indicates that a flange face is part of a flange can be represented by an instance of FeatureWholePart. A FunctionalMapping is a Relationship that indicates that the input gave the result for the classifying ClassOfFunctionalMapping. The mapping of [5, 3] to 2, classified by the minus function is an example of FunctionalMapping. A FunctionalPhysicalObject is a PhysicalObject that has functional, rather than material, continuity as its basis for identity. Adjacent temporal parts of a FunctionalPhysicalObject need not have common matter or energy, provided the matter or energy of each temporal part fulfils the same function. The heat exchanger system known as tag E-4507, which is part of a distillate transfer system, can be represented by an instance of FunctionalPhysicalObject. Note that this is distinct from the "shell and tube heat exchanger manufacture number ES/1234" that was installed as E-4507 when the plant was first built and later removed when worn out, to be replaced by a new heat exchanger with different serial number. "Shell and tube heat exchanger manufacture number ES/1234" and its differently numbered replacement can be represented by instances of MaterializedPhysicalObject. When ES/1234 is installed as E-4507 there is a temporal part of ES/1234 that is also a temporal part of E-4507. An Identification is a RepresentationOfThing that indicates that the PossibleIndividual is an identifier for the Thing identified. The relationship between the text "P101" on a printed copy of a pump data sheet and the applicable FunctionalPhysicalObject is an example of Identification. The relationship between a name tag and an employee wearing it is an example of Identification. An IndirectConnection is a ConnectionOfIndividual that indicates that side1 and side2 are connected via other individuals. The relation that indicates that there is a railway connection between the cities of London and Paris can be represented by an instance of IndirectConnection. An IndirectProperty is a Relationship between a Property and a PossibleIndividual. The nature of the IndirectProperty is defined by its Classification by a ClassOfIndirectProperty. A Property is indirect when it does not directly apply to the PossibleIndividual it applies to, but is derived from some process. A property is indirect because it does not directly apply. There can only be one temperature that a thing has (at a time), so a Maximum Allowable Working Temperature is not its temperature, but an indirect property derived from doing some tests or calculations to determine its value (as opposed to it being a current measurement). This is what makes it indirect. A Maximum Allowable Working Pressure of 50 bara for V101 is specified by an IndirectProperty between the pressure of 50 bara and V101, classified by the ClassOfIndirectProperty Maximum Allowable Working Pressure. An IndividualDimension is a ClassOfIndividual whose members characterize a particular PossibleIndividual. The set of lines that are each a diameter of a particular circle are instances of IndividualDimension. An IndividualUsedInConnection is a Relationship that indicates that a PossibleIndividual is used in a ConnectionOfIndividual. The Relationship between the connection of the flanged ends of two pipes and a temporal part of the bolts, nuts, washers and gasket set that indicates that the bolt and gasket set participates in the connection can be represented by an instance of IndividualUsedInConnection. An IntegerNumber is an ArithmeticNumber that is an integer number. IntegerNumber is not a subtype of RealNumber. The members of IntegerNumber are part of a different continuum from the members of RealNumber, but are isomorphic to a subset of it. '1', '2', and '10' are instances of IntegerNumber. An IntendedRoleAndDomain is a Relationship that indicates the RoleAndDomain some temporal part of the PossibleIndividual is intended to take with respect to some Activity. The Relationship between a PossibleIndividual, that is classified as 'pump', and the RoleAndDomain of 'performer and pumping' that it is intended to play is an instance of IntendedRoleAndDomain. An IntersectionOfSetOfClass is a FunctionalMapping that indicates that the result Class consists of those members of the members of the classes EnumeratedSetOfClass that are common to each Class. The intersection of the EnumeratedSetOfClass {{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}} is {C}. An InvolvementByReference is a Relationship that indicates that a Thing is referred to in an Activity. This entity type is for involvements that are not direct Participation of a Thing , such as involvement of a Class, or of a historical or future temporal part of a PossibleIndividual. A conversation that refers to the Roman Empire is an Activity that relates to the Roman Empire by an InvolvementByReference. The use of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for the Activity 'design Boiler E-106' is represented by an instance of InvolvementByReference between that ClassOfInformationRepresentation and that Activity. A Language is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation whose members are all the information representations made in that language. English, French, C++ and Java can be represented by instances of Language. A LeftNamespace is a Namespace where the classOfPart is the left part of the classOfWhole. Where WC1: is the Namespace in WC1:1234, it is a LeftNamespace . A LifecycleStage is a Relationship that indicates the interest that a PossibleIndividual has in some PossibleIndividual. The relation that links a possible building to a temporal part of the XYZ Corp. can be represented by an instance of LifecycleStage. The nature of that LifecycleStage (e.g. 'planned') can be expressed by classifying with the applicable ClassOfLifecycleStage. A LowerBoundOfNumberRange is a Classification that indicates an ArithmeticNumber is the lowest value in a NumberRange. The original superclass "Classification" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. The instance of RealNumber that is represented by the instance of ExpressReal '3.1' has a LowerBoundOfNumberRange relationship with the instance of NumberRange'[3.1 to 5.3]'. A LowerBoundOfPropertyRange is a Classification that indicates that a Property is the lower bound of a PropertyRange. The original superclass "Classification" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. The instance of Property that is represented by the instance of ExpressReal '-10' has a LowerBoundOfPropertyRange relationship with the instance of PropertyRange'[-10 to +20 degrees Celsius]'. A MaterializedPhysicalObject is a PhysicalObject that has matter and/or energy continuity as its basis for identity. Matter or energy continuity requires some matter or energy to be common to adjacent temporal parts of the MaterializedPhysicalObject. Replacement of some components from time to time does not create a new identity. The shell and tube heat exchanger with manufacture's number ES/1234 can be represented by an instance of MaterializedPhysicalObject. A MultidimensionalNumber is an ArithmeticNumber that is also a MultidimensionalObject. '[3.2, 5.4, 55.6]' is a MultidimensionalNumber. A MultidimensionalNumberSpace is a NumberSpace and a MultidimensionalObject. R3, the space defined as being all the triples of real numbers (e.g. '[1.0, 2.1, 5.4]'), is a MultidimensionalNumberSpace. A MultidimensionalObject is an AbstractObject that is an ordered list of Thing. The significance of the MultidimensionalObject is determined by being a member of a ClassOfMultidimensionalObject that indicates the role played by each of its elements. The MultidimensionalObject [A,B,C] is different from [B,C,A]. '[32, 1.8, 20]' is a MultidimensionalObject that may be specified to be the input parameters for the function y=a+bx to convert 20 Celsius to Fahrenheit. A MultidimensionalProperty is a Property that is also a MultidimensionalObject. A pump flow head characteristic is a MultidimensionalProperty. It consists of a continuum of Q, H property pairs, where Q is the flow rate and H is the flowing head difference. Each pair of properties Qa and Ha, where Qa is a particular flow rate and Ha a particular head, is a MultidimensionalProperty [Qa, Ha]. A MultidimensionalPropertySpace is a PropertySpace and a MultidimensionalObject whose members are instances of Property each of which maps to more than one number. Each Property will consist of elements of the same property dimensions. A pump performance curve of flowrate and differential head is a MultidimensionalPropertySpace. A MultidimensionalScale is a Scale that is also a MultidimensionalObject. A '[Celsius, seconds]' scale is a MultidimensionalScale on which temperature variation over time can be plotted. A Namespace is a ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual where the classOfWhole and classOfPart are members of ClassOfInformationRepresentation and the part is the most significant part of the whole that is the namespace. The string 'owl:' is the (left_)namespace in the name owl:Class. A NumberRange is a one-dimensional NumberSpace. The NumberSpace -273.1 to +infinity is a NumberRange. A NumberSpace is a ClassOfNumber that is a continuum. The integers from 1 to 5 and the reals from 0.000 to 1.000 are examples of NumberSpace. An OtherRelationship is a Relationship that is not a member of any of the other explicit subtypes of Relationship. The meaning of an OtherRelationship is specified by a Classification by an instance of ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature. The RoleAndDomain for the end1 and end2 is given by the classOfEnd1 and classOfEnd2 respectively for the ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature that classifies the OtherRelationship. Where the ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is also a ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd1 or a ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd2 then the end1 or end2 respectively of the OtherRelationship shall take the value specified by the related instance of rdf:Property. The Relationship that indicates that a particular car is manufactured by Ford can be represented by an instance of OtherRelationship. A ParticipatingRoleAndDomain is a RoleAndDomain that is also a ClassOfIndividual that indicates a participating role in an Activity. Performer and pumper are examples of ParticipatingRoleAndDomain . A Participation is a CompositionOfIndividual that indicates that a PossibleIndividual is a participant in an Activity. The PossibleIndividual that is the part in the Participation is may be a temporal part of a WholeLifeIndividual that is classified by the RoleAndDomain that indicates the role it plays in the Activity. The relationship between the temporal part of P1234 that performs the discharge of the Motor Vessel Murex on 2nd December 2002, and the activity that is that discharge of that vessel is a Participation. A PeriodInTime is a PossibleIndividual that is all space for part of time - a temporal part of the universe. July 2000 is an instance of PeriodInTime. The period described by UTC 2000-11-21T06:00 to UTC 2000-11-21T11:53 is an instance of PeriodInTime compliant with ISO8601. A Phase is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual based on the nature of the boundary behaviour of material resulting from its atomic and molecular bonding. Phase excludes types of internal structure such as crystalline. The classes known as 'liquid' and 'solid' can be represented by instances of Phase. A PhysicalObject is a PossibleIndividual that is a distribution of matter, energy, or both. A piece of metal is a PhysicalObject. A tree is a PhysicalObject. The thing identified by tag P101 is a PhysicalObject. A light beam is a PhysicalObject. A tank that is built and dismantled on site is both a MaterializedPhysicalObject and a FunctionalPhysicalObject. John Doe is a PhysicalObject. The XYZ Corporation is a PhysicalObject. A PointInTime is an Event that is the whole space extension with zero extent in time. In using this part of ISO15926, a PointInTime should be represented by a Gregorian date and a UTC time. The time known as UTC 1999-05-13T16:31:23.56 is a PointInTime. A PossibleIndividual is a Thing that exists in space and time. This includes: - things where any of the space time dimensions are vanishingly small; - those that are either all space for any time, or all time and any space; - the entirety of all space time; - things that actually exist, or have existed; - things that are fictional or conjectured and possibly exist in the past, present or future; - temporal parts (states) of other individuals; - things that have a specific position, but zero extent in one or more dimensions, such as points, lines, and surfaces. In this context existence is based upon being imaginable within some consistent logic, including actual, hypothetical, planned, expected, or required individuals. The pump with serial number ABC123, Battersea Power Station, Sir Joseph Whitworth, Shakespeare, and the starship "Enterprise" can be represented by instances of PossibleIndividual. A PossibleRoleAndDomain is a Relationship that indicates that a player PossibleIndividual can possibly play the played RoleAndDomain. 'Acting as an anchor' is a PossibleRoleAndDomain for pump 1234. A Property is a ClassOfIndividual that is a member of a continuum of a ClassOfProperty. The Property may be quantified by mapping to a number on a scale. A member of a Property is a PossibleIndividual that has the same degree or magnitude of the quality or characteristic represented by the Property as other members. The types of characteristic or quality, such as temperature or density, are instances of ClassOfProperty. Duplicate properties (e.g. that map to the same number on the same scale) should not be created within the same data store. The owl:Class rdf:ID="Property" defined here is different from rdf:Property. A particular degree of hotness can be represented as an instance of Property. A PropertyForShapeDimension is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that the members of the ShapeDimension are of the Property. The ShapeDimension '10m diameter' is related to the Property '10m length' by means of an instance of PropertyForShapeDimension. A PropertyQuantification is a FunctionalMapping whose members map a Property to an ArithmeticNumber. The actual representation of the number is done by linking theArithmeticNumber to a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation via a ClassOfRepresentationOfThing. The unit or scale of the quantification is given by classifying the PropertyQuantification by a Scale. The link that maps a particular mass to the RealNumber '4.2' can be represented by an instance of PropertyQuantification. A PropertyRange is a PropertySpace that is a continuous subset of a SinglePropertyDimension. '[-10C to +20C]' is a PropertyRange of temperature. A PropertySpace is a ClassOfProperty whose members are a coherent continuum of Property. The set of temperature properties, known as temperature, is a PropertySpace. The members of the 'pressure' and 'flow rate' ClassOfProperty that fall on a particular pump curve is a PropertySpace. A PropertySpaceForClassOfShapeDimension is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship that indicates the PropertySpace that a ClassOfShapeDimension is from. The ClassOfShapeDimension 'diameter' is linked to the PropertySpace 'length' by an instance of PropertySpaceForClassOfShapeDimension. A RealNumber is an ArithmeticNumber that is a real number. '3.2146' is a representation of a RealNumber. A Recognition is a Relationship that indicates that a Thing is recognized through an Activity. Measurement activity #358 recognized that the room was a member of the 20 Celsius Property. A Relationship is an AbstractObject that indicates something that one Thing has to do with another. Only classes of binary relationship are supported. More complex objects can be supported using MultidimensionalObject and ClassOfMultidimensionalObject. ISO 15926-7 Templates are such complex objects. An rdf:Property comes close, but has one direction. The two attributes of a relationship are mapped to rdf:Property, with the subclass of Relationship as rdf:domain, and the rdf:range constrained using the built-in OWL properties owl:onProperty and owl:allValuesFrom or hasValue. A RelativeLocation is a Relationship that indicates that the position of one PossibleIndividual is relative to another. The Classification of the RelativeLocation indicates the nature of the RelativeLocation , e.g. 'above', 'below', 'beside'. A being the located relative to B being the locator in a RelativeLocation that is classified by the ClassOfRelativeLocation 'above' indicates that A is above B. A RepresentationForm is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation that distinguishes the form of representation. 'Hexadecimal', 'text', 'script', 'symbol', 'picture', 'diagram', 'semaphore', 'Morse code', 'music score', 'MIDI', 'XML', and 'OWL' are instances of RepresentationForm. A RepresentationOfGregorianDateAndUtcTime is a ClassOfInformationRepresentation whose members are representations of time using the UTC system of time identification as specified in ISO 8601:2000 together with the Gregorian system for representing dates. All times shall be represented using UTC representation of time. Dates shall follow the Gregorian calendar. It is strongly advocated to use part4:XmlSchemaDateTime instead of this ExpressBinary, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and mapping would be required. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the basis for legal time worldwide and follows TAI (see below) exactly except for an integral number of seconds, presently 32. These leap seconds are inserted on the advice of the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) (http://hpiers.obspm.fr) to ensure that, on average over the years, the Sun is overhead within 0.9 seconds of 12:00:00 UTC on the meridian of Greenwich. UTC is thus the modern successor of Greenwich Mean Time, GMT, which was used when the unit of time was the mean solar day. International Atomic Time (TAI) is calculated by the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) from the readings of more than 200 atomic clocks located in metrology institutes and observatories in more than 30 countries around the world. TAI is made available every month in the BIPM 'Circular T' (ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/publication). It is estimated that TAI does not lose or gain with respect to an imaginary perfect clock by more than about one tenth of a microsecond (0.0000001 second) per year. A RepresentationOfThing is a Relationship that indicates that a PossibleIndividual is a sign for a Thing. In general it will be ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that will be of interest, rather than each RepresentationOfThing. However, RepresentationOfThing will be of interest when individual copies of documents are managed and controlled. The relationship between a nameplate with its serial number and other data, and a particular pressure vessel (MaterializedPhysicalObject) is an example of RepresentationOfThing that is an Identification. A ResponsibilityForRepresentation is a Relationship that indicates that the controller PossibleIndividual administers the controlled RepresentationOfThing. The responsibility for the administration of this standard lies with ISO. This is represented as a PossibleIndividual 'ISO' is linked by an instance of ResponsibilityForRepresentation to a RepresentationOfThing; the latter links the ClassOfInformationObject 'ISO 15926-7' to a PhysicalObject 'myNumberedCopy of ISO 15926-7'. A RightNamespace is a Namespace that indicates that the classOfPart is the right most part of the classOfWhole. When ZH is the namespace in 5367ZH, this is indicated by a Namespace relationship between them. A Role is a RoleAndDomain that indicates what some Thing has to do with an Activity, Relationship, or MultidimensionalObject. Employee is a Role that indicates what a temporal part of a person has to do with an employment relation. Pumper is a Role that indicates what a temporal part of a pump has to do with a pumping Activity. A RoleAndDomain is a Class that specifies the domain and role for an end of a ClassOfRelationship or ClassOfMultidimensionalObject. A RoleAndDomain is analogous to specifying an EXPRESS attribute or its inverse. "Husband and man" and "wife and woman" are examples of RoleAndDomain. A Scale is a ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping whose members are members of PropertyQuantification. It indicates the NumberSpace a PropertySpace maps to for the Scale in question. The link that is known as the Celsius scale between the ClassOfNumber '[-273, inf]' and the ClassOfProperty 'temperature' can be represented by an instance of Scale. A Shape is a Property that depends on constant relations of position and proportionate distance among all the points composing its outline or its external surface. '20mm diameter circle' and '10-20mm diameter circles' are examples of Shape . Irregular forms such as the outer envelope of a model of pump can be represented by instances of Shape. A ShapeDimension is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual that is a set of IndividualDimension that defines an aspect of a Shape. 'Diameter of 5m', 'height of 3mm', and 'width of 10cm' are members of ShapeDimension. A SinglePropertyDimension is a PropertySpace that is a single and complete continuum of properties each of which maps to a single number. 'Temperature', 'pressure', 'viscosity', and 'length' are examples of SinglePropertyDimension. A SpatialLocation is a PhysicalObject that has continuity of relative position. 'Geographic datum', 'license block', 'construction area', 'country','air corridor', 'maritime traffic zone', 'hazard control zone', '4D points', 'lines', 'planes', 'solids' are instances of SpatialLocation. A SpecializationByDomain is a Specialization that indicates that the member of the RoleAndDomain is a Specialization of the domain Class. The original superclass "Specialization" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. Manufacturing company is a specialization of the company domain. A SpecializationByRole is a Specialization that indicates that the RoleAndDomain is of the Role indicated by the superclass. The original superclass "Specialization" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. Manufacturing company is a specialization by role of manufacturer. A SpecializationOfIndividualDimensionFromProperty is a Specialization that indicates the members of the IndividualDimension are members of the Property. The original superclass "Specialization" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. An IndividualDimension 'diameter of 10m' is a subclass of the Property 'length of 10m'. A Status is a ClassOfIndividual that is a characteristic or quality that is described by discrete, unordered values. Degrees of openness or paintedness are represented as instances of Property and not instances of Status. The classes known as 'open', 'painted', 'approved', 'old', 'new', 'worn', 'hazardous', 'safe', 'dangerous', 'happy', 'sad', and 'rusty' can all be represented as instances of Status. A Stream is a PhysicalObject that is material or energy moving along a path, where the path is the basis of identity and may be constrained. The Stream consists of the temporal parts of those things that are in the Stream whilst they are in it. Flux is a 4D-constrained case of Stream where the path crosses a surface. The naphtha flowing in a pipe between a crude distillation unit and a platformer is a Stream. A TemporalBounding is a CompositionOfIndividual that indicates that the part Event is a temporal boundary of the whole PossibleIndividual. The Event of the birth of JohnDoe is linked to JohnDoe by an instance of TemporalBounding that is a Beginning. A TemporalSequence is a Relationship that indicates that one PossibleIndividual precedes another in a temporal sense. The Relationship that indicates that the PossibleIndividual that is the construction phase of a plant precedes the PossibleIndividual that is the commissioning phase of a plant can be represented by an instance of TemporalSequence. The Relationship that indicates that the PeriodInTime known as the industrial revolution preceded the PeriodInTime known as the information revolution can be represented by an instance of TemporalSequence . A TemporalWholePart is a CompositionOfIndividual that indicates that one PossibleIndividual is a temporal part of another PossibleIndividual. The spatial extent of the temporal part is that of the temporal whole for the period the existence of the temporal part. Relationships that apply to the whole PossibleIndividual also apply to the temporal parts of the PossibleIndividual, except when the relationships relate to the temporal nature of the whole. So if a PossibleIndividual is connected so are all its temporal parts, but being WholeLifeIndividual is not inherited by its temporal parts. Since TemporalWholePart is transitive (inherited from its supertype) a hierarchy of temporal parts is possible, with a WholeLifeIndividual at the top. The Relationship that indicates that an operating period of a pump is a temporal part of the pump can be represented by an instance of TemporalWholePart . The Relationship that indicates that the time period known as March 1999 is part of the period known as 1st Quarter 1999 can be represented by an instance of TemporalWholePart. A Thing is anything that is or may be thought about or perceived, including material and non-material objects, ideas, and actions. Every Thing is either a PossibleIndividual or an AbstractObject. Every Thing is identifiable within a system by means of rdf:ID.. System identifiers created by other systems and received as part of a data exchange may be stored for future reference as an identification, referring to the originating organisation or system. NOTE Every example provided for other entity data types declared in this schema is also an example of Thing. A UnionOfSetOfClass is a FunctionalMapping that indicates that the membership of the result Class is the union of the members of the EnumeratedSetOfClass classes. The union of the EnumeratedSetOfClass {{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}} is {A,B,C,D,E}. An UpperBoundOfNumberRange is a Classification that indicates an ArithmeticNumber is the largest value in a NumberRange. The original superclass "Classification" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. The instance of RealNumber that is represented by the instance of ExpressReal '5.3' has an UpperBoundOfNumberRange relationship with the instance of NumberRange'[3.1 to 5.3]'. An UpperBoundOfPropertyRange is a Classification that indicates that the Property is the upper bound of the PropertyRange. The original superclass "Classification" cannot be used in RDF+OWL since that is represented by rdfs:subClassOf. The instance of Property that is represented by the instance of ExpressReal '+20' has an UpperBoundOfPropertyRange relationship with the instance of PropertyRange'[-10 to +20 degrees Celsius]'. A UsageOfRepresentation is a Relationship that indicates that the RepresentationOfThing is used by the PossibleIndividual. Usage does not imply responsibility. The sign "P101" is used by the XYZ company to represent a particular pump in a design. A WholeLifeIndividual is a PossibleIndividual that is a member of a ClassOfIndividual, and is not a temporal part of any other PossibleIndividual that is also a member of the same ClassOfIndividual. A WholeLifeIndividual includes its past and future. A possible future temporal part of the WholeLifeIndividual is a PossibleIndividual that is related to the WholeLifeIndividual by a TemporalWholePart relation. A plastic cup (bounded by its 'creation' and 'destruction' Event's) can be represented by an instance of WholeLifeIndividual . The cup whilst it stands on this table is a temporal part of this WholeLifeIndividual. The universe for all time is a WholeLifeIndividual.