EXPRESS model of ISO 15926-2 mapped to OWL Full
DataModel
February 2006
DEFINITION An AbstractObject is a Thing that does not exist in space-time.
DEFINITION An Activity is a PossibleIndividual that brings about change by
causing the Event that marks the Beginning, or the Event that marks the
Ending of a PossibleIndividual .
An Activity consists of the temporal parts of those members of
PossibleIndividual that participate in the Activity. The participating
temporal parts will be classified by the ParticipatingRoleAndDomain
that indicates the role of the temporal part in the Activity .
EXAMPLE Pumping a fluid with a mechanical pump can be represented by an
instance of Activity .
DEFINITION An ActualIndividual is a PossibleIndividual that is a part of
the space-time continuum that we inhabit. It exists in the present, past,
or future of our universe, as opposed to some imagined universe.
NOTE The things we plan can usually only be assumed to be part of some
imagined universe, until they come about.
EXAMPLE The Eiffel Tower is an ActualIndividual .
EXAMPLE The fictional character, Sherlock Holmes, is a PossibleIndividual
who is not an ActualIndividual .
EXAMPLE The Earth in the year 2300 (assuming it still exists) is an
ActualIndividual .
DEFINITION An Approval is a Relationship that indicates that a Relationship
has been approved by a PossibleIndividual that is an approver.
NOTE Care should be taken as to what is approved. Sometimes it will not be
say a pump that is approved, but the participation of the pump in a
particular Activity, or member of some ClassOfActivity .
EXAMPLE The InvolvementByReference of a plant design with a construction
activity, being approved by the site manager, is an example of an Approval.
DEFINITION An ArithmeticNumber is a ClassOfClass whose member classes have
the same sign and count or magnitude. An ArithmeticNumber is the number
itself, not any representation of the number.
EXAMPLE The number 2 and the number 2.0 can be represented by instances of
ArithmeticNumber .
EXAMPLE Fifteen, the number itself not the English word "fifteen", is an
ArithmeticNumber. It could be represented by an ExpressInteger or an
ExpressReal but could also be represented by "XV", or a binary, or a
hexadecimal representation.
DEFINITION An ArrangedIndividual is a PossibleIndividual that has parts
that play distinct roles with respect to the whole. The qualities of an
ArrangedIndividual are distinct from the qualities of its parts.
EXAMPLE The vessel with serial number V-1234 is an ArrangedIndividual .
EXAMPLE The company Bloggs Co. is an ArrangedIndividual .
EXAMPLE John Doe is an ArrangedIndividual .
DEFINITION An ArrangementOfIndividual is a CompositionOfIndividual that
indicates that the part is a part of an ArrangedIndividual.
The temporal extent of the part is that of the whole.
An ArrangementOfIndividual may be an AssemblyOfIndividual .
NOTE The term "arranged" implies that parts have particular roles with
respect to the whole.
NOTE The natures of the relations to other parts of the whole are not
specified by the arrangement relation. Relationships like
ConnectionOfIndividual and RelativeLocation would indicate this.
EXAMPLE The relationship that indicates that a particular aircraft is
flying as part of a formation can be represented by an instance of
ArrangementOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE The relationship that indicates that a particular bin in a warehouse
is part of the warehouse layout can be represented by an instance of
ArrangementOfIndividual .
DEFINITION An AssemblyOfIndividual is an ArrangementOfIndividual that
indicates that the part is connected directly or indirectly to other parts
of the whole. The parts and wholes are super-molecular objects.
NOTE Composition of molecules and smaller is represented through instances
of ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE The relation that indicates that a temporal part of an impeller is a
part of an assembled pump can be represented by an instance of
AssemblyOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A Beginning is a TemporalBounding that marks the temporal start
of a PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE The relation that indicates that the PointInTime known as 0000hrs
1st July 1999 UTC is the beginning of the PeriodInTime known as July 1999
00:00UTC can be represented by an instance of Beginning .
EXAMPLE The relation that indicates that the Event 'loading complete' marks
the start of the PossibleIndividual 'loading plant idle' can be represented
by an instance of Beginning .
DEFINITION A BoundaryOfNumberSpace is a Specialization that indicates that a
NumberSpace is a boundary to another NumberSpace .
EXAMPLE The side of a cube in R3 is a NumberSpace that is a plane in R3 and
that is a boundary to the NumberSpace that is a cube in R3.
DEFINITION A BoundaryOfPropertySpace is a Specialization that indicates the
members of the subclass form a boundary of the superclass.
NOTE For reasons of mapping to OWL where specialization is represented by
rdfs:subClassOf, the expressivity of this relationship would be lost; for
that reason we have mapped it to the supertype of spepcialization, i.e.
Relationship.
EXAMPLE The PropertySpace that corresponds to the maximum speed head flow
curve is a boundary of the PropertySpace that corresponds to the pump
operating envelope.
DEFINITION A Cardinality is a Class that is the maximum and/or minimum number
of times a thing can play a particular role in a ClassOfRelationship or
ClassOfMultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE A minimum of 1 and a maximum of 1 means that there is exactly one
Relationship MultidimensionalObject of this type for each object.
DEFINITION A CauseOfEvent is a Relationship that indicates that the caused
Event is caused by the causer Activity .
EXAMPLE The relation that indicates that the tanker loading activity caused
the Event described as 'tank liquid level full' can be represented by an
instance of CauseOfEvent .
DEFINITION A Class is a Thing that is an understanding of the nature of
things and that divides things into those which are members of the class and
those which are not according to one or more criteria.
The identity of a Class is ultimately defined by its members. No two classes
have the same membership. However, a distinction must be made between a Class
having members, and those members being known, so within an information
system the members recorded may change over time, even though the true
membership does not change.
NOTE The membership of a Class is unchanging as a result of the
spatio-temporal paradigm upon which this schema is based. In another paradigm
it might be stated that a car is red at one time, and green at another time,
indicating that the class of red things and class of green things changed
members. However, using a spatio-temporal paradigm, a temporal part, state 1,
of the car is red, and another temporal part of the car, state 2, is green.
In this way the members of the classes red and green are unchanging. The same
principle applies to future temporal parts as to past temporal parts, it is
just more likely that the membership of these is not known.
NOTE A class may be a member of another class or itself.
NOTE The set theory that applies to classes in this model is non-wellfounded
set theory (see: ACZEL, Peter. Non-Well-Founded Sets, Center for the Study of
Language and Information, Stanford, California, 1988, ISBN 0937073229).
This permits statements like "class is a member of class", unlike traditional
set theories such as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory found in standard texts
(see: ITÒ¬ K. (editor). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Mathematics, Mathematical
Society of Japan, Edition 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 1993,
ISBN 0262590204)
NOTE There is a null Class that has no members. Although there is only one
Class that has no members, there can be a Class that has no members in the
actual world, but which does have members in other possible worlds.
NOTE The known members of a Class are identified by Classification .
EXAMPLE Centrifugal pump is a Class .
EXAMPLE Mechanical equipment type is a Class .
EXAMPLE Temperature is a Class .
EXAMPLE Commercial fusion reactor is a Class, with no members at present.
EXAMPLE The Centigrade scale is a Class .
DEFINITION A ClassOfAbstractObject is a Class whose members classify members
of AbstractObject .
DEFINITION A ClassOfActivity is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are
instances of Activity .
NOTE Behaviour is a term used to describe a ClassOfActivity either where
there are preconditions and the ClassOfActivity is a response to those
preconditions, e.g. reaction to touching a hot surface, or where the way an
activity occurs is described by some property or function, e.g. fluid flow
being described by the viscosity of the fluid.
EXAMPLE Drilling, distilling, and approving can be represented by instances
of ClassOfActivity .
DEFINITION A ClassOfApproval is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are
members of Approval that indicates that members of the ClassOfIndividual are
approvers in an Approval for the members of the Class that are approved.
EXAMPLE That site managers approve designs for construction
(a ClassOfInvolvementByReference ) is an example of ClassOfApproval .
DEFINITION A ClassOfApprovalByStatus is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates
a status of the approval that is independent of what is being approved by
whom.
EXAMPLE approved, approved with comments, disapproved with comments are
examples of ClassOfApprovalByStatus .
DEFINITION A ClassOfArrangedIndividual is a ClassOfIndividual whose members
are an arrangement of components.
NOTE The ONEOF constraint on some of the subtypes does not prevent a
particular PossibleIndividual from being, say, classified by
ClassOfBiologicalMatter and a member of a particular
ClassOfCompositeMaterial . It is only the classes themselves that are not
members of more than one of the entity types.
NOTE Specifications or descriptions of useful objects are often intersections
of several arrangement classes, allowing both shape and material aspects to
be constrained. In this part of ISO 15926, such intersections are members of
ClassOfArrangedIndividual , ClassOfFeature , ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject ,
ClassOfOrganization , ClassOfActivity , ClassOfOrganism , or
ClassOfInformationObject .
EXAMPLE Robocop is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that has some parts that are
members of some ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject and parts that are members of
some ClassOfOrganism .
DEFINITION A ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual is a
ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual whose members are instances of
ArrangementOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE The fact that water is made up of H2O molecules is an instance of
ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A ClassOfAssemblyOfIndividual is a ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual
whose members are instances of AssemblyOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE That impellers are parts of centrifugal pumps is a
ClassOfAssemblyOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A ClassOfAssertion is a ClassOfRelationship that describes the
assertive nature of the member relations.
EXAMPLE Asserting, denying, and probabilistic can be represented by instances
of ClassOfAssertion .
DEFINITION A ClassOfAtom is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are
atoms.
EXAMPLE All entries in the periodic table of elements can be represented by
instances of ClassOfAtom .
DEFINITION A ClassOfBiologicalMatter is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose
members are particular types of cell or aggregations of cells.
EXAMPLE The classes known as 'blood', 'enzyme', and 'plasma' can be
represented by instances of ClassOfBiologicalMatter .
DEFINITION A ClassOfCauseOfBeginningOfClassOfIndividual is a
ClassOfRelationship that indicates that a member of a ClassOfActivity causes
the beginning of a member of a ClassOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE A car manufacturing activity causes the beginning of a car.
DEFINITION A ClassOfCauseOfEndingOfClassOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship
that indicates that a member of the ClassOfActivity causes the ending of
a member of the ClassOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE A car crushing activity causes the end of the life of a car.
DEFINITION A ClassOfClass is a Class whose members are instances of Class .
NOTE When it is necessary to classify a ClassOfClass, another ClassOfClass
can be used. This is because a ClassOfClass is a Class .
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfComposition is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose
members are instances of ClassOfComposition . It indicates that a member of a
member of the classOfClassOfPart is a part of a member of an instance of the
classOfClassOfWhole.
EXAMPLE Toxicity description is a classOfClassOfPart of a material data
sheet, where the description "has carcinogenic components" is a classOfPart
on the Mogas Material Safety Data Sheet, and copy #5 of the Mogas Material
Safety Data Sheet has "has carcinogenic components" as a part.
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfDefinition is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation whose
members are members of ClassOfDefinition .
EXAMPLE 'Normative' is a ClassOfClassOfDefinition.
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfDescription is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation
whose members are members of ClassOfDescription .
EXAMPLE 'Service description' is a ClassOfClassOfDescription .
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfIdentification is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation
whose members are members of ClassOfIdentification .
EXAMPLE The link between the Class 'family of manufactured parts' and the
RepresentationForm 'ISO 13584 Basic Semantic Unit', that indicates that part
families can be identified using ISO 13584, can be represented by an instance
of ClassOfClassOfIdentification.
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfIndividual is a ClassOfClass whose members are
instances of ClassOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE "Premium Product" is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual that has
ClassOfIndividual "mogas" as a member.
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation is a
ClassOfClassOfIndividual that classifies information representation classes.
EXAMPLE Integer Octal is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation whose
members are all the information representation classes that correspond to
Octal formatted integers.
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfRelationship is a ClassOfClass whose members are
instances of ClassOfRelationship.
EXAMPLE Reflexive is an example of ClassOfClassOfRelationship . A reflexive
ClassOfRelationship is one that may have the same Thing playing both roles,
such as connection, where something may be connected to itself.
DEFINITION An ClassOfClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is a
ClassOfClassOfRelationship and ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature.
NOTE The purpose of ClassOfClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is to allow other
types of classes of relationship, not explicitly defined as entity data types
in this part of ISO 15926, to be defined as reference data.
EXAMPLE 'Transitive', with the roles from and to indicating the direction of
transitivity, is a ClassOfClassOfRelationshipWithSignature.
(A ClassOfRelationship is transitive if when A relates to B and B relates to C
then A relates to C, all in the same way).
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfRepresentation is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship
whose members are instances of ClassOfRepresentationOfThing .
EXAMPLE The link that indicates that members of the class 'document' can be
represented by patterns of the class 'XML' is a ClassOfClassOfRepresentation .
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfRepresentationTranslation is a
ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are members of
ClassOfRepresentationTranslation .
EXAMPLE The class ASCII whose members include all translation classes between
members of the ASCII Binary and ASCII Text representation classes is a
ClassOfClassOfRepresentationTranslation .
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation is a
ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are members of
ClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation linking the controller to a set of
representations.
EXAMPLE The link between Weir and the identification set between Weir pumps
and Weir serial numbers indicating that the identifications are defined by
Weir can be represented by an instance of
ClassOfClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation .
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassOfUsageOfRepresentation is a
ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are members of
ClassOfUsageOfRepresentation linking the user to a set of representations.
EXAMPLE The link between a user company and the identification set between
Weir pumps and Weir serial numbers indicating that the user company uses the
Weir identifiers can be represented by an instance of
ClassOfClassOfUsageOfRepresentation.
DEFINITION A ClassOfClassification is a ClassOfRelationship whose members
are members of Classification . A ClassOfClassification indicates that a
member of the classOfClassified Class is classified by one or more members
of the classOfClassifier ClassOfClass .
EXAMPLE The link between Class centrifugal pump and the ClassOfProperty 'RPM',
indicating that a centrifugal pump is a member of at least one RPM class,
can be represented by an instance of ClassOfClassification .
NOTE Since in OWL there is no Classification possible because of the use of
the standard rdf:type construct, this ClassOfClassification cannot be used
as such.
DEFINITION A ClassOfCompositeMaterial is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose
members have a common arrangement of separable compounds.
EXAMPLE Laminates such as plywood, fibreglass, and carbon fibre can be
represented by instances of ClassOfCompositeMaterial.
EXAMPLE Wood, muscle, and skin can be represented by instances of
ClassOfCompositeMaterial.
DEFINITION A ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship whose
members are members of CompositionOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE That piles of sand may have grains of sand as parts is an example of
ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A ClassOfCompound is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members
consist of arrangements of molecules of the same or different types, bound
together by intermolecular forces. This includes both mixtures and alloys.
EXAMPLE Water, sulphuric acid, sand, limestone, and steel can be represented
by instances of ClassOfCompound .
DEFINITION A ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship whose
members are members of ConnectionOfIndividual. It indicates that a member
of the classOfSide1 ClassOfIndividual can be connected to a member of the
classOfSide2 ClassOfIndividual .
NOTE 1 The classOfSide1 and classOfSide2 indicate the ClassOfIndividual that
is the side1 and side2 respectively in a ConnectionOfIndividual that is a
member of this ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual .
NOTE 2 Flexible, rigid, and welded cannot be represented as instances of
ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual , these are classes of the materials connected
or used in the connection.
EXAMPLE Electrical connection between wires is a
ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A ClassOfContainmentOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelativeLocation
whose members are instances of ContainmentOfIndividual . It indicates that
a member of the classOfLocator ClassOfIndividual can contain a member of the
classOfLocated ClassOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE That 'de-icing fluid' can be contained by a '1500ml screw-top plastic
bottle' is a ClassOfContainmentOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A ClassOfDefinition is a ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that
indicates the pattern is a definition of the represented Class .
EXAMPLE The link between the pattern 'pump' and the Class that goes by that
name in English can be represented by an instance of ClassOfDefinition .
DEFINITION A ClassOfDescription is a ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that
indicates the pattern is a description of the represented Thing.
EXAMPLE The link between the pattern 'this is an old bilge pump' and a
particular pump can be represented by an instance of ClassOfDescription .
DEFINITION A ClassOfDimensionForShape is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship that
indicates that members of the classOfShape have a dimension that is a
member of the classOfDimension .
EXAMPLE Specifying that members of the "class of circle" have members of
"class of diameter" is an instance of ClassOfDimensionForShape .
DEFINITION A ClassOfDirectConnection is a ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual whose
members are members of DirectConnection .
EXAMPLE Three-pin electrical plug into three-pin socket is an example of
ClassOfDirectConnection .
DEFINITION A ClassOfEvent is a ClassOfIndividual whose members are members
of Event .
EXAMPLE Continuous and instantaneous are instances of ClassOfEvent. A
continuous event is one such as a stream boundary flowing through a pipe.
DEFINITION A ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation is a
ClassOfInformationRepresentation that is defined by ISO 10303-11.
DEFINITION A ClassOfFeature is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are
contiguous, non-separable parts of some PossibleIndividual and have an
incompletely defined boundary.
EXAMPLE The classes known as 'mountain', 'groove', 'rim', 'nozzle', 'nose',
and 'raised face' can all be represented as instances of ClassOfFeature .
DEFINITION A ClassOfFeatureWholePart is a ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual
whose members are instances of FeatureWholePart .
EXAMPLE Thermowells have stems, and tables have tops are examples of
ClassOfFeatureWholePart .
DEFINITION A ClassOfFunctionalMapping is a ClassOfRelationship that is a many
to one mapping. A ClassOfRelationship is a function.
NOTE This entity type would naturally have the name of function, but this is
an EXPRESS reserved word (note that the data model was expressed in EXPRESS).
NOTE 2 The significance of a function being a many to one mapping is that the
same answer is always obtained. So, for example, 5 - 3 always gives 2. Note
that the minus function on two other arguments can also give 2.
NOTE 3 When there are several arguments to a function, then these are
presented in a MultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE Minus is an example of ClassOfFunctionalMapping .
DEFINITION A ClassOfFunctionalObject is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that
indicates the function or purpose of an object.
EXAMPLE Pump, valve, and car are examples of ClassOfFunctionalObject .
Particular models of pump, valve, car, etc are instances of
ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject that are specializations of these instances
of ClassOfFunctionalObject .
DEFINITION A ClassOfIdentification is a ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that
indicates that the pattern is used to refer to the represented Thing.
EXAMPLE The link between the pattern 'AC-1234' and a particular pump,
indicating that members of 'AC-1234' are used to refer to the pump, can be
represented by an instance of ClassOfIdentification .
DEFINITION A ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual
whose members are not living.
EXAMPLE The classes known as 'oil' and 'oilwell' can be represented by
instances of ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject .
DEFINITION A ClassOfIndirectConnection is a ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual
whose members are members of IndirectConnection .
EXAMPLE Drip pipe indirectly connected to drain funnel is an example of
ClassOfIndirectConnection .
DEFINITION A ClassOfIndirectProperty is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates
that a member of the ClassOfIndividual can possess a member of the
ClassOfProperty as an IndirectProperty of this type.
EXAMPLE Maximum Allowable Working Pressure is a ClassOfIndirectProperty that
is indicated by a pressure, and can be possessed by a pressure vessel.
DEFINITION A ClassOfIndividual is a Class whose members are instances of
PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE The class known as 'engineer', whose members are people qualified or
skilled in engineering principles and practices can be represented by an
instance of ClassOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A ClassOfIndividualUsedInConnection is a ClassOfRelationship whose
members are members of IndividualUsedInConnection. It indicates that a member
of the ClassOfIndividual is used in a ClassOfConnectionOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE The link between the ClassOfIndividualUsedInConnection that indicates
that B12 type beams are connected to pipe hangers, and the ClassOfIndividual
"20mm Diameter bolt", that indicates that four 20mm diameter bolts are used
in the connection of a pipe hanger to a type B12 beam can be represented by
an instance of ClassOfIndividualUsedInConnection .
DEFINITION A ClassOfInformationObject is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose
members are members of zero or more ClassOfInformationRepresentation and of
zero or more ClassOfInformationPresentation .
NOTE Usually, it is a physical_object (like a paper document) that is
classified as a ClassOfInformationObject.
EXAMPLE 'Newspaper' is a ClassOfInformationObject.
DEFINITION A ClassOfInformationPresentation is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual
that distinguishes styles for presenting information.
EXAMPLE The character styles bold, italic, Times New Roman, and 16pt can be
represented as instances of ClassOfInformationPresentation .
DEFINITION A ClassOfInformationRepresentation is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual
that defines a pattern that represents information.
EXAMPLE The texts formed with the pattern of characters 's' concatenated
with 'u' concatenated with 'n' are members of the 'sun'
ClassOfInformationRepresentation .
DEFINITION A ClassOfIntendedRoleAndDomain is a ClassOfRelationship that
indicates that a member of the ClassOfIndividual is intended to act as a
member of the RoleAndDomain .
EXAMPLE Pumps are intended to play the RoleAndDomain of performer in some
pumping activity.
DEFINITION A ClassOfInvolvementByReference is a ClassOfRelationship whose
members are instances of InvolvementByReference .
EXAMPLE Discussion of historical activities is an example of
ClassOfInvolvementByReference .
EXAMPLE The relation between API 610 and the ClassOfActivity 'design of
centrifugal pumps' is represented by an instance of
ClassOfInvolvementByReference .
DEFINITION A ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping is a ClassOfFunctionalMapping
that is isomorphic.
EXAMPLE The natural logarithm function is a
ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping .
DEFINITION A ClassOfLeftNamespace is a ClassOfNamespace that indicates that
the classOfPart is the left namespace for the members of the
classOfClassOfWhole .
EXAMPLE WC1: is the left namespace for customer site identifiers for Water
Company 1.
DEFINITION A ClassOfLifecycleStage is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are
members of LifecycleStage .
EXAMPLE 'Planned', 'required', 'expected', and 'proposed' can be represented
by instances of ClassOfLifecycleStage .
DEFINITION A ClassOfMolecule is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members
are molecules.
EXAMPLE H2O, H2SO4, and DNA can be represented by instances of
ClassOfMolecule .
DEFINITION A ClassOfMultidimensionalObject is a ClassOfAbstractObject whose
members are instances of MultidimensionalObject . The role played by each
position in the classified MultidimensionalObject is specified at the same
position in the roles attribute. Constant values that apply to any position
in the roles attribute are specified in the same position in the parameters
attribute. The cardinalities for the roles attribute are specified by the
same position in the cardinalities attribute.
EXAMPLE The definition of the input to a function y = a + bx to convert
Celsius to Fahrenheit with roles [a, b, x] defining the input
MultidimensionalObject , and parameter list [32,1.8,] is an example of a
ClassOfMultidimensionalObject .
DEFINITION A ClassOfNamespace is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship that indicates
that a ClassOfInformationRepresentation is the classOfPart used as a
namespace for each member of a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation that
is the classOfClassOfWhole .
EXAMPLE WC1: is used as the name space for a set of water company identifiers.
DEFINITION A ClassOfNumber is a ClassOfClass whose members are members of
ArithmeticNumber .
EXAMPLE The class of prime numbers can be represented by an instance
ClassOfNumber .
DEFINITION A ClassOfOrganism is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members are
living organisms.
EXAMPLE Human being, sheep, earthworm, oak tree, and bacteria are instances
of ClassOfOrganism .
DEFINITION A ClassOfOrganization is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose members
are instances of PhysicalObject that are composed of temporal parts of people
and other assets, and are organised with a particular purpose.
EXAMPLE Company, government, and project team can be represented by instances
of ClassOfOrganization .
DEFINITION A ClassOfParticipation is a ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual that
indicates a member of an instance of ParticipatingRoleAndDomain participates
in a member of an instance of ClassOfActivity .
EXAMPLE 'Conductor of a musical performance' is an example of
ClassOfParticipation .
DEFINITION A ClassOfParticulateMaterial is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose
members are arranged amounts of super-molecular sized objects of the same or
different types.
EXAMPLE Pile of sand, sand and cement mix, bag of bolts, catalyst fill for a
reactor are examples of ClassOfParticulateMaterial .
DEFINITION A ClassOfPeriodInTime is a ClassOfIndividual whose members are
instances of PeriodInTime .
EXAMPLE Monday and June are examples of ClassOfPeriodInTime .
DEFINITION A ClassOfPerson is a ClassOfOrganism whose members are people.
EXAMPLE 'Engineer', 'plant manager', 'student', 'male', 'female',
'senior citizen', 'adult', 'girl', and 'boy' can be represented by instances
of ClassOfPerson. Engineer, plant manager, and student are also instances of
ClassOfFunctionalObject .
DEFINITION A ClassOfPointInTime is a ClassOfEvent whose members are members
of PointInTime .
EXAMPLE Midnight is a ClassOfPointInTime .
DEFINITION A ClassOfPossibleRoleAndDomain is a ClassOfRelationship that
indicates the RoleAndDomain that can be played by a member of the
ClassOfIndividual , in some Activity .
EXAMPLE Pumps can play the role of anchor (although they are not intended
to do so).
DEFINITION A ClassOfProperty is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual whose members are
instances of Property .
EXAMPLE 'Temperature' is an example of ClassOfProperty .
DEFINITION A ClassOfPropertySpace is a ClassOfClass whose members are members
of PropertySpace .
EXAMPLE Property curves, property areas, and property volumes of various
dimensionality and degrees of freedom are members of ClassOfPropertySpace .
EXAMPLE Pump performance curve is an example of ClassOfPropertySpace .
DEFINITION A ClassOfRecognition is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates that
a member of a ClassOfActivity may result in the recognition of a member of a
Class .
EXAMPLE A measurement activity may result in the recognition of the
Classification of a PossibleIndividual by a Property .
DEFINITION A ClassOfRelationship is a ClassOfAbstractObject whose members are
members of Relationship .
DEFINITION A ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd1 is a ClassOfRelationship
where a particular Thing is related in the ClassOfRelationship , rather than
the members of a Class . The related Thing plays the RoleAndDomain indicated
by the classOfEnd1 attribute.
EXAMPLE Products manufactured by Bloggs and Co is a
ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd1 that points to Bloggs and Co as the related
Thing .
DEFINITION A ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd2 is a ClassOfRelationship
where a particular Thing is related in the ClassOfRelationship , rather than
the members of a Class . The related Thing plays the RoleAndDomain indicated
by the classOfEnd2 attribute.
EXAMPLE Possession of welding skills by John Doe is an example of
ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd2 , where John Doe is the related
Thing .
DEFINITION A ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is a ClassOfRelationship that
may have a RoleAndDomain specified for each end.
NOTE A ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is analogous to a simple EXPRESS
attribute and its inverse. More complex objects can be modelled with
MultidimensionalObject and ClassOfMultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE Married is a ClassOfRelationship where classOfEnd1 is the
RoleAndDomain husband, and classOfEnd2 the RoleAndDomain wife.
DEFINITION A ClassOfRelativeLocation is a ClassOfRelationship whose members
are instances of RelativeLocation .
EXAMPLE Beside, above, and below are examples of ClassOfRelativeLocation.
DEFINITION A ClassOfRepresentationOfThing is a ClassOfRelationship that
indicates that all members of the pattern ClassOfInformationRepresentation
represent the Thing .
EXAMPLE The ClassOfRelationship that indicates that occurrences of the
pattern denoted by 'London' represent the concept of the capital of the
United Kingdom can be represented by an instance of
ClassOfRepresentationOfThing .
DEFINITION A ClassOfRepresentationTranslation is a ClassOfRelationship that
indicates the translation of two instances of
ClassOfInformationRepresentation .
EXAMPLE The link that indicates that the representations 'F' and '15' are
equivalent (concept of fifteen in hexadecimal and octal respectively) can be
represented by an instance of ClassOfRepresentationTranslation.
DEFINITION A ClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation is a ClassOfRelationship
whose members indicate that a PossibleIndividual (usually an organization)
deems that members of the pattern can be used as representations of the
represented Thing .
EXAMPLE The link between the identification of pump #1234 and the XYZ
Corporation, that indicates that the XYZ Corporation controls this
identification, can be represented by an instance of
ClassOfResponsibilityForRepresentation .
DEFINITION A ClassOfRightNamespace is a ClassOfNamespace where the
classOfPart is the namespace for the members of the classOfClassOfWhole .
DEFINITION A ClassOfScale is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship whose members are
instances of Scale .
EXAMPLE 'SI Unit' is an instance of ClassOfScale .
DEFINITION A ClassOfScaleConversion is a ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping
that defines a conversion between two different scales of units used for the
quantification of properties.
EXAMPLE The Fahrenheit scale for temperature and the Celsius scale for
temperature can each be represented by instances of Scale . The conversion
between these scales can be represented by an instance of
ClassOfScaleConversion.
DEFINITION A ClassOfShape is a PropertySpace that has instances of Shape as
its members.
EXAMPLE Regular geometric forms such as 'line', 'circle', 'square',
'cylinder', 'sphere', and 'cone' can be represented by instances of
ClassOfShape .
DEFINITION A ClassOfShapeDimension is a ClassOfClass that is a dimension of a
ClassOfShape .
EXAMPLE 'Diameter', 'height', and 'width' (in general rather than a
particular one) are examples of ClassOfShapeDimension .
DEFINITION A ClassOfSpecialization is a ClassOfRelationship whose members are
instances of Specialization . It indicates that a member of the
classOfSubclass is a subclass of a member of the classOfSuperclass.
EXAMPLE The ClassOfSpecialization that indicates that members of the class
"family of ASME bolts", e.g. '3 inch bolts', '2 inch bolts', are
specializations of members of the EnumeratedPropertySet "set of bolt
lengths", e.g. '3 inch', '2 inch'.
NOTE Since in OWL there is no Specialization possible because of the use of
the standard rdfs:subClassOf construct, this ClassOfClassification cannot be
used as such.
DEFINITION A ClassOfStatus is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual whose members are a
Status .
EXAMPLE An example of ClassOfStatus is 'approval', with members:
'not assessed', 'approved', 'rejected'.
DEFINITION A ClassOfSubAtomicParticle is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual whose
members are constituent particles of atoms.
EXAMPLE 'Proton', 'electron', 'meson', 'neutron', 'positron', 'muon',
'quark', and 'neutrino' can be represented by instances of
ClassOfSubAtomicParticle .
DEFINITION A ClassOfTemporalSequence is a ClassOfRelationship where the
sequence is of a temporal nature.
EXAMPLE 1 The link that indicates that members of July follow members of June
can be represented by an instance of ClassOfTemporalSequence .
EXAMPLE 2 The link that indicates that emptying activities for a tank precede
cleaning activities can be represented by an instance of
ClassOfTemporalSequence .
DEFINITION A ClassOfTemporalWholePart is a ClassOfCompositionOfIndividual
whose members are members of TemporalWholePart .
EXAMPLE The class that indicates that Crude Distillation Units may have a
maximum naphtha mode can be represented by an instance of
ClassOfTemporalWholePart .
DEFINITION A ClassOfUsageOfRepresentation is a ClassOfRelationship whose
members indicate that a PossibleIndividual (usually an organization) reads or
otherwise uses members of the pattern as a representation of the represented
Thing .
EXAMPLE The link between the identification of pump #1234 and contractor
ABC Ltd, that indicates that ABC Ltd uses this identification can be
represented by a class of ClassOfUsageOfRepresentation.
DEFINITION A ComparisonOfProperty is a Relationship that indicates the
magnitude of one Property is greater than that of another.
EXAMPLE That the temperature in a room is less than that in a furnace can be
indicated by an instance of ComparisonOfProperty .
DEFINITION A CompositionOfIndividual is a Relationship that indicates that
the part PossibleIndividual is a part of the whole PossibleIndividual .
A simple composition is indicated, unless a subtype is instantiated too.
CompositionOfIndividual is transitive.
NOTE Simple composition means that for example no arrangement of parts is
necessarily implied or of concern. Where there is an arrangement of parts,
this is indicated by an ArrangementOfIndividual , which, by being a subtype,
implies also a simple composition.
EXAMPLE A grain of sand being part of a pile of sand is an example of
CompositionOfIndividual.
DEFINITION A ConnectionOfIndividual is a Relationship that indicates that
matter, energy, or both can be transferred between the members of
PossibleIndividual that are connected, either directly or indirectly.
NOTE There is no significance to the ordering of the two related instances of
PossibleIndividual . The names side1 and side2 serve only to distinguish the
attributes.
DEFINITION A ContainmentOfIndividual is a RelativeLocation where the located
PossibleIndividual is contained by the locator PossibleIndividual but is not
part of it.
NOTE Containment is distinct from composition; in composition the whole
consists of all of its part, with containment, what is contained is not a
part of the container.
EXAMPLE The contents of a vessel being inside the vessel can be represented
by an instance of ContainmentOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A CoordinateSystem is a MultidimensionalScale for locating and
relating a PossibleIndividual in an n-dimensional space in which arbitrary
geometric transformations are valid.
EXAMPLE The XYZ site coordinate system, is an example of a CoordinateSystem .
DEFINITION A CrystallineStructure is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual that is a
form in which many simple elements and their natural compounds regularly
aggregate by the operation of natural affinity: it has a definite internal
structure, with the external form of a solid enclosed by a number of
symmetrically arranged plane faces, and varying in simplicity from the cube
to much more complicated geometric bodies.
EXAMPLE Ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic are examples of
CrystallineStructure .
DEFINITION A Definition is a RepresentationOfThing that indicates that the
Class is defined by the sign PossibleIndividual .
NOTE In semiotics, a sign is generally defined as "something that stands for
something else, to someone in some capacity". It may be understood as a
discrete unit of meaning. Signs are not limited to words but also include
images, gestures, scents, tastes, textures, sounds - essentially all of the
ways in which information can be processed and communicated by any sentient,
reasoning mind.
EXAMPLE The Relationship between the ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject
'condensate' and the PhysicalObject that is the ink-on-paper
(or pixels-on-screeen): "An aggregate which is in condensed form which means
in liquid state, resulting from a substance in vapour state." is an instance
of Definition .
DEFINITION A Description is a RepresentationOfThing that indicates that the
PossibleIndividual describes the Thing .
EXAMPLE A paper copy of the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram for Crude
Distillation Unit 1 at refinery X has a Description relationship with the
plant.
DEFINITION A DifferenceOfSetOfClass is a FunctionalMapping that indicates
that the membership of the result Class is the difference between the
membership of the union of the classes that are members of the
EnumeratedSetOfClass and their intersection.
NOTE When the EnumeratedSetOfClass consists of a Class and another Class that
is a subclass of the first class, then the difference is the complement of
the subclass.
EXAMPLE The difference of the EnumeratedSetOfClass {{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}}
is {A,B,D,E}.
DEFINITION A DimensionOfIndividual is a ClassOfRelationship that indicates
that each member of the set of lines that are the IndividualDimension are a
dimension of the PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE The set of all lines that pass through the centre of a particular
circle and end at the circumference of that circle, are a dimension
(diameter) of that circle. The particular dimension is indicated by the
DimensionOfShape that classifies the DimensionOfIndividual .
DEFINITION A DimensionOfShape is a ClassOfClassOfRelationship that indicates
that members of the ShapeDimension are dimensions of the Shape members.
EXAMPLE The sets of 10m lines that are diameters of 10m circles is an example
of DimensionOfShape .
DEFINITION A DirectConnection is a ConnectionOfIndividual that indicates that
the side1 and side2 are directly connected via a common spatial boundary.
EXAMPLE The relation that indicates that the plug terminating a serial
communications cable is connected to the socket on a piece of computer
equipment can be represented by an instance of DirectConnection.
DEFINITION A DocumentDefinition is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation
that defines the content and/or structure of documents.
EXAMPLE XYZ Corp. Material Safety Data Sheet is a DocumentDefinition.
EXAMPLE In ISO 15926-7 a Template Specification defines and describes a
template; the latter is a DocumentDefinition .
DEFINITION An Ending is a TemporalBounding that marks the end of a PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE 1 The relation that indicates that the PointInTime known as 0000hrs
1st July 1999 GMT is the end of the PeriodInTime known as June 1999 00.00 GMT
can be represented by an instance of Ending .
EXAMPLE 2 The relation that indicates that the Event 'loading complete'
marks the end of the PossibleIndividual 'loading plant operating period 1'
(a temporal part of the loading plant) is an instance of Ending .
DEFINITION An EnumeratedNumberSet is a ClassOfNumber and an
EnumeratedSetOfClass .
EXAMPLE The set of integer numbers {3,4,5} can be represented by an instance
of EnumeratedNumberSet .
DEFINITION An EnumeratedPropertySet is a ClassOfProperty and an
EnumeratedSetOfClass whose members are an enumerated set of properties of the
same SinglePropertyDimension or MultidimensionalPropertySpace .
EXAMPLE {115 Volt, 240 Volt} is an example of an EnumeratedPropertySet .
DEFINITION An EnumeratedSetOfClass is a ClassOfClass that is an enumerated
set of the instances of Class . Enumerated means that the full set of
members is specified.
EXAMPLE {Plastic, 1.2kg, frame} is an EnumeratedSetOfClass.
More generally {{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}} is an EnumeratedSetOfClass. Also
"electrical engineering classes for ERDL V1.1" is an EnumeratedSetOfClass.
DEFINITION An Event is a PossibleIndividual with zero extent in time.
An Event is the temporal boundary of one or more instances of
PossibleIndividual, although there may be no knowledge of these instances.
EXAMPLE The connection of power to a pump is an Event that marks the
beginning of a temporal part of that pump.
DEFINITION An ExpressBinary is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation that
represents a binary value as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.7 .
NOTE It is strongly advocated to use XmlSchemaBinary instead of this
ExpressBinary, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and
mapping would be required.
DEFINITION An ExpressBoolean is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation
that represents a Boolean value as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.5 .
NOTE It is strongly advocated to use XmlSchemaBoolean instead of this
ExpressBoolean, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and
mapping would be required.
DEFINITION An ExpressInteger is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation
that represents an integer number as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.3 .
NOTE It is strongly advocated to use XmlSchemaInteger instead of this
ExpressInteger, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and
mapping would be required.
DEFINITION An ExpressReal is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation
that represents a real number as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.2 .
NOTE It is strongly advocated to use XmlSchemaReal instead of this
ExpressReal, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and
mapping would be required.
DEFINITION An ExpressString is a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation
that represents a string as defined in ISO 10303-11:1994, 8.1.6 .
NOTE It is strongly advocated to use XmlSchemaString instead of this
ExpressString, because in ISO 15926-7 the former will be the default, and
mapping would be required.
DEFINITION A FeatureWholePart is an ArrangementOfIndividual that indicates
that the part is a non-separable, contiguous part of the whole.
NOTE This includes wholes that cannot be non-destructively disassembled and
reassembled such as the inlet flange of a pump.
EXAMPLE The relation that indicates that a flange face is part of a flange
can be represented by an instance of FeatureWholePart .
DEFINITION A FunctionalMapping is a Relationship that indicates that the
input gave the result for the classifying ClassOfFunctionalMapping .
EXAMPLE The mapping of [5, 3] to 2, classified by the minus function is an
example of FunctionalMapping .
DEFINITION A FunctionalPhysicalObject is a PhysicalObject that has
functional, rather than material, continuity as its basis for identity.
Adjacent temporal parts of a FunctionalPhysicalObject need not have common
matter or energy, provided the matter or energy of each temporal part fulfils
the same function.
EXAMPLE The heat exchanger system known as tag E-4507, which is part of a
distillate transfer system, can be represented by an instance of
FunctionalPhysicalObject. Note that this is distinct from the "shell and tube
heat exchanger manufacture number ES/1234" that was installed as E-4507 when
the plant was first built and later removed when worn out, to be replaced by
a new heat exchanger with different serial number. "Shell and tube heat
exchanger manufacture number ES/1234" and its differently numbered
replacement can be represented by instances of MaterializedPhysicalObject .
When ES/1234 is installed as E-4507 there is a temporal part of ES/1234 that
is also a temporal part of E-4507.
DEFINITION An Identification is a RepresentationOfThing that indicates that
the PossibleIndividual is an identifier for the Thing identified.
EXAMPLE The relationship between the text "P101" on a printed copy of a pump
data sheet and the applicable FunctionalPhysicalObject is an example of
Identification .
EXAMPLE The relationship between a name tag and an employee wearing it is an
example of Identification .
DEFINITION An IndirectConnection is a ConnectionOfIndividual that indicates
that side1 and side2 are connected via other individuals.
EXAMPLE The relation that indicates that there is a railway connection
between the cities of London and Paris can be represented by an instance of
IndirectConnection .
DEFINITION An IndirectProperty is a Relationship between a Property and a
PossibleIndividual . The nature of the IndirectProperty is defined by its
Classification by a ClassOfIndirectProperty . A Property is indirect when it
does not directly apply to the PossibleIndividual it applies to, but is
derived from some process.
NOTE A property is indirect because it does not directly apply. There can
only be one temperature that a thing has (at a time), so a Maximum Allowable
Working Temperature is not its temperature, but an indirect property derived
from doing some tests or calculations to determine its value (as opposed to
it being a current measurement). This is what makes it indirect.
EXAMPLE A Maximum Allowable Working Pressure of 50 BarA for V101 is specified
by an IndirectProperty between the pressure of 50 BarA and V101, classified
by the ClassOfIndirectProperty Maximum Allowable Working Pressure.
DEFINITION An IndividualDimension is a ClassOfIndividual whose members
characterize a particular PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE The set of lines that are each a diameter of a particular circle are
instances of IndividualDimension .
DEFINITION An IndividualUsedInConnection is a Relationship that indicates
that a PossibleIndividual is used in a ConnectionOfIndividual .
EXAMPLE The Relationship between the connection of the flanged ends of two
pipes and a temporal part of the bolts, nuts, washers and gasket set that
indicates that the bolt and gasket set participates in the connection can be
represented by an instance of IndividualUsedInConnection .
DEFINITION An IntegerNumber is an ArithmeticNumber that is an integer number.
NOTE IntegerNumber is not a subtype of RealNumber. The members of
IntegerNumber are part of a different continuum from the members of
RealNumber, but are isomorphic to a subset of it.
EXAMPLE '1', '2', and '10' are instances of IntegerNumber .
DEFINITION An IntendedRoleAndDomain is a Relationship that indicates the
RoleAndDomain some temporal part of the PossibleIndividual is intended to
take with respect to some Activity .
EXAMPLE The Relationship between a PossibleIndividual, that is classified as
'pump', and the RoleAndDomain of 'performer and pumping' that it is intended
to play is an instance of IntendedRoleAndDomain .
DEFINITION An IntersectionOfSetOfClass is a FunctionalMapping that indicates
that the result Class consists of those members of the members of the classes
EnumeratedSetOfClass that are common to each Class .
EXAMPLE The intersection of the EnumeratedSetOfClass
{{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}} is {C}.
DEFINITION An InvolvementByReference is a Relationship that indicates that a
Thing is referred to in an Activity .
NOTE This entity type is for involvements that are not direct Participation
of a Thing , such as involvement of a Class, or of a historical or future
temporal part of a PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE A conversation that refers to the Roman Empire is an Activity that
relates to the Roman Empire by an InvolvementByReference .
EXAMPLE The use of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for the Activity
'design Boiler E-106' is represented by an instance of InvolvementByReference
between that ClassOfInformationRepresentation and that Activity .
DEFINITION A Language is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation whose
members are all the information representations made in the language.
EXAMPLE English, French, C++ and Java can be represented by instances of
Language .
DEFINITION A LeftNamespace is a Namespace where the classOfPart is the left
part of the classOfWhole .
EXAMPLE Where WC1: is the Namespace in WC1:1234, it is a LeftNamespace .
DEFINITION A LifecycleStage is a Relationship that indicates the interest
that a PossibleIndividual has in some PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE The relation that links a possible building to a temporal part of the
XYZ Corp. can be represented by an instance of LifecycleStage. The nature of
that LifecycleStage (e.g. 'planned') can be expressed by classifying with the
applicable ClassOfLifecycleStage .
DEFINITION A LowerBoundOfNumberRange is a Classification that indicates an
ArithmeticNumber is the lowest value in a NumberRange .
EXAMPLE The instance of RealNumber that is represented by the instance of
ExpressReal '3.1' has a LowerBoundOfNumberRange relationship with the
instance of NumberRange'[3.1 to 5.3]'.
DEFINITION A LowerBoundOfPropertyRange is a Classification that indicates
that a Property is the lower bound of a PropertyRange .
EXAMPLE The instance of Property that is represented by the instance of
ExpressReal '-10' has a LowerBoundOfPropertyRange relationship with the
instance of PropertyRange'[-10 to +20 degrees Celsius]'.
DEFINITION A MaterializedPhysicalObject is a PhysicalObject that has matter
and/or energy continuity as its basis for identity. Matter or energy
continuity requires some matter or energy to be common to adjacent temporal
parts of the MaterializedPhysicalObject . Replacement of some components from
time to time does not create a new identity.
EXAMPLE The shell and tube heat exchanger with manufacture's number ES/1234
can be represented by an instance of MaterializedPhysicalObject .
DEFINITION A MultidimensionalNumber is an ArithmeticNumber that is also a
MultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE '[3.2, 5.4, 55.6]' is a MultidimensionalNumber.
DEFINITION A MultidimensionalNumberSpace is a NumberSpace and a
MultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE R3, the space defined as being all the triples of real numbers
(e.g. '[1.0, 2.1, 5.4]'), is a MultidimensionalNumberSpace .
DEFINITION A MultidimensionalObject is an AbstractObject that is an
ordered list of Thing . The significance of the MultidimensionalObject is
determined by being a member of a ClassOfMultidimensionalObject that
indicates the role played by each of its elements.
NOTE The MultidimensionalObject [A,B,C] is different from [B,C,A].
EXAMPLE '[32, 1.8, 20]' is a MultidimensionalObject that may be specified to
be the input parameters for the function y=a+bx to convert 20 Celsius to
Fahrenheit.
DEFINITION A MultidimensionalProperty is a Property that is also a
MultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE A pump flow head characteristic is a MultidimensionalProperty. It
consists of a continuum of Q, H property pairs, where Q is the flow rate and
H is the flowing head difference. Each pair of properties Qa and Ha, where Qa
is a particular flow rate and Ha a particular head, is a multidimensional
property [Qa, Ha].
DEFINITION A MultidimensionalPropertySpace is a PropertySpace and a
MultidimensionalObject whose members are instances of Property each of which
maps to more than one number. Each Property will consist of elements of the
same property dimensions.
EXAMPLE A pump performance curve of flowrate and differential head is a
MultidimensionalPropertySpace .
DEFINITION A MultidimensionalScale is a Scale that is also a
MultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE A '[Celsius, seconds]' scale is a MultidimensionalScale on which
temperature variation over time can be plotted.
DEFINITION A Namespace is a ClassOfArrangementOfIndividual where the
classOfWhole and classOfPart are members of ClassOfInformationRepresentation
and the part is the most significant part of the whole that is the namespace.
EXAMPLE The string 'owl:' is the (left_)namespace in the name owl:Class .
DEFINITION A NumberRange is a one-dimensional NumberSpace .
EXAMPLE The NumberSpace -273.1 to +infinity is a NumberRange.
DEFINITION A NumberSpace is a ClassOfNumber that is a continuum.
EXAMPLE The integers from 1 to 5 and the reals from 0.000 to 1.000 are
examples of NumberSpace.
DEFINITION An OtherRelationship is a Relationship that is not a member of any
of the other explicit subtypes of Relationship . The meaning of an
OtherRelationship is specified by a Classification by an instance of
ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature .
NOTE The RoleAndDomain for the end1 and end2 is given by the classOfEnd1 and
classOfEnd2 respectively for the ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature that
classifies the OtherRelationship .
Where the ClassOfRelationshipWithSignature is also a
ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd1 or a ClassOfRelationshipWithRelatedEnd2
then the end1 or end2 respectively of the OtherRelationship shall take the
value specified by the related instance of rdf:Property.
EXAMPLE The Relationship that indicates that a particular car is manufactured
by Ford can be represented by an instance of OtherRelationship.
DEFINITION A ParticipatingRoleAndDomain is a RoleAndDomain that is also a
ClassOfIndividual that indicates a participating role in an Activity .
EXAMPLE Performer and pumper are examples of ParticipatingRoleAndDomain .
DEFINITION A Participation is a CompositionOfIndividual that indicates that
a PossibleIndividual is a participant in an Activity .
NOTE The PossibleIndividual that is the part in the Participation is may be a
temporal part of a WholeLifeIndividual that is classified by the
RoleAndDomain that indicates the role it plays in the Activity .
EXAMPLE The relationship between the temporal part of P1234 that performs the
discharge of the Motor Vessel Murex on 2nd December 2002, and the activity
that is that discharge of that vessel is a Participation.
DEFINITION A PeriodInTime is a PossibleIndividual that is all space for
part of time - a temporal part of the universe.
EXAMPLE July 2000 is an instance of PeriodInTime.
EXAMPLE The period described by UTC 2000-11-21T06:00 to
UTC 2000-11-21T11:53 is an instance of PeriodInTime compliant with ISO8601.
DEFINITION A Phase is a ClassOfArrangedIndividual based on the nature of the
boundary behaviour of material resulting from its atomic and molecular
bonding.
NOTE Phase excludes types of internal structure such as crystalline.
EXAMPLE The classes known as 'liquid' and 'solid' can be represented by
instances of Phase .
DEFINITION A PhysicalObject is a PossibleIndividual that is a distribution
of matter, energy, or both.
EXAMPLE A piece of metal is a PhysicalObject .
EXAMPLE A tree is a PhysicalObject .
EXAMPLE The thing identified by tag P101 is a PhysicalObject .
EXAMPLE A light beam is a PhysicalObject .
EXAMPLE A tank that is built and dismantled on site is both a
MaterializedPhysicalObject and a FunctionalPhysicalObject .
EXAMPLE John Doe is a PhysicalObject .
EXAMPLE The XYZ Corporation is a PhysicalObject .
DEFINITION A PointInTime is an Event that is the whole space extension with
zero extent in time.
NOTE In using this part of ISO15926, a PointInTime should be represented by a
RepresentationOfGregorianDateAndUtcTime .
EXAMPLE The time known as UTC 1999-05-13T16:31:23.56 is a PointInTime .
DEFINITION A PossibleIndividual is a Thing that exists in space and time.
This includes:
- things where any of the space time dimensions are vanishingly small;
- those that are either all space for any time, or all time and any space;
- the entirety of all space time;
- things that actually exist, or have existed;
- things that are fictional or conjectured and possibly exist in the past,
present or future;
- temporal parts (states) of other individuals;
- things that have a specific position, but zero extent in one or more
dimensions, such as points, lines, and surfaces.
In this context existence is based upon being imaginable within some
consistent logic, including actual, hypothetical, planned, expected, or
required individuals.
EXAMPLE The pump with serial number ABC123, Battersea Power Station, Sir
Joseph Whitworth, Shakespeare, and the starship "Enterprise" can be
represented by instances of PossibleIndividual .
DEFINITION A PossibleRoleAndDomain is a Relationship that indicates that a
player PossibleIndividual can possibly play the played RoleAndDomain .
EXAMPLE 'Acting as an anchor' is a PossibleRoleAndDomain for pump 1234.
DEFINITION A Property is a ClassOfIndividual that is a member of a continuum
of a ClassOfProperty . The Property may be quantified by mapping to a number
on a scale.
NOTE A member of a Property is a PossibleIndividual that has the same degree
or magnitude of the quality or characteristic represented by the Property as
other members.
NOTE The types of characteristic or quality, such as temperature or density,
are instances of ClassOfProperty .
NOTE Duplicate properties (e.g. that map to the same number on the same
scale) should not be created within the same data store.
NOTE The owl:Class rdf:ID="Property" defined here is different from
rdf:Property
EXAMPLE A particular degree of hotness can be represented as an instance of
Property .
DEFINITION A PropertyForShapeDimension is a ClassOfRelationship that
indicates that the members of the ShapeDimension are of the Property .
EXAMPLE The ShapeDimension '10m diameter' is related to the Property
'10m length' by means of an instance of PropertyForShapeDimension .
DEFINITION A PropertyQuantification is a FunctionalMapping whose members map
a Property to an ArithmeticNumber .
NOTE The actual representation of the number is done by linking the
ArithmeticNumber to a ClassOfExpressInformationRepresentation via a
ClassOfRepresentationOfThing .
NOTE The unit or scale of the quantification is given by classifying the
PropertyQuantification by a Scale .
EXAMPLE The link that maps a particular mass to the RealNumber '4.2' can be
represented by an instance of PropertyQuantification .
DEFINITION A PropertyRange is a PropertySpace that is a continuous subset of
a SinglePropertyDimension .
EXAMPLE '[-10C to +20C]' is a PropertyRange of temperature.
DEFINITION A PropertySpace is a ClassOfProperty whose members are a coherent
continuum of Property .
EXAMPLE The set of temperature properties, known as temperature, is a
PropertySpace.
EXAMPLE The members of the 'pressure' and 'flow rate' ClassOfProperty that
fall on a particular pump curve is a PropertySpace .
DEFINITION A PropertySpaceForClassOfShapeDimension is a
ClassOfClassOfRelationship that indicates the PropertySpace that a
ClassOfShapeDimension is from.
EXAMPLE The ClassOfShapeDimension 'diameter' is linked to the PropertySpace
'length' by an instance of PropertySpaceForClassOfShapeDimension .
DEFINITION A RealNumber is an ArithmeticNumber that is a real number.
EXAMPLE '3.2146' is a representation of a RealNumber .
DEFINITION A Recognition is a Relationship that indicates that a Thing is
recognized through an Activity .
EXAMPLE Measurement activity #358 recognized that the room was a member of
the 20 Celsius Property .
DEFINITION A Relationship is an AbstractObject that indicates something that
one Thing has to do with another.
NOTE Only classes of binary relationship are supported. More complex objects
can be supported using MultidimensionalObject and
ClassOfMultidimensionalObject . Instances of ISO 15926-7 Templates are such
complex objects.
NOTE An rdf:Property comes close, but has one direction. The two attributes
of a relationship are mapped to rdf:Property, with the subclass of
Relationship as rdf:domain, and the rdg:range defined using the built-in
OWL properties owl:onProperty and owl:allValuesFrom.
DEFINITION A RelativeLocation is a Relationship that indicates that the
position of one PossibleIndividual is relative to another.
NOTE The Classification of the RelativeLocation indicates the nature of the
RelativeLocation , e.g. 'above', 'below', 'beside'.
EXAMPLE A being the located relative to B being the locator in a
RelativeLocation that is classified by the ClassOfRelativeLocation 'above'
indicates that A is above B.
DEFINITION A RepresentationForm is a ClassOfClassOfInformationRepresentation
that distinguishes the form of representation.
EXAMPLE 'Hexadecimal', 'text', 'script', 'symbol', 'picture', 'diagram',
'semaphore', 'Morse code', 'music score', 'MIDI', 'XML', and 'OWL' are
instances of RepresentationForm.
DEFINITION A RepresentationOfGregorianDateAndUtcTime is a
ClassOfInformationRepresentation whose members are representations of time
using the UTC system of time identification as specified in ISO 8601:2000
together with the Gregorian system for representing dates. All times shall
be represented using UTC representation of time. Dates shall follow the
Gregorian calendar.
NOTE Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the basis for legal time worldwide
and follows TAI (see below) exactly except for an integral number of seconds,
presently 32. These leap seconds are inserted on the advice of the
International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) (http://hpiers.obspm.fr) to
ensure that, on average over the years, the Sun is overhead within 0.9
seconds of 12:00:00 UTC on the meridian of Greenwich. UTC is thus the modern
successor of Greenwich Mean Time, GMT, which was used when the unit of time
was the mean solar day. International Atomic Time (TAI) is calculated by the
BIPM from the readings of more than 200 atomic clocks located in metrology
institutes and observatories in more than 30 countries around the world. TAI
is made available every month in the BIPM Circular T
(ftp://62.161.69.5/pub/tai/publication). It is estimated that TAI does not
lose or gain with respect to an imaginary perfect clock by more than about
one tenth of a microsecond (0.0000001 second) per year.
DEFINITION A RepresentationOfThing is a Relationship that indicates that a
PossibleIndividual is a sign for a Thing .
NOTE In general it will be ClassOfRepresentationOfThing that will be of
interest, rather than each RepresentationOfThing. However,
RepresentationOfThing will be of interest when individual copies of documents
are managed and controlled.
EXAMPLE The relationship between a nameplate with its serial number and other
data, and a particular pressure vessel (MaterializedPhysicalObject) is an
example of RepresentationOfThing that is an Identification .
DEFINITION A ResponsibilityForRepresentation is a Relationship that indicates
that the controller PossibleIndividual administers the controlled
RepresentationOfThing .
EXAMPLE The responsibility for the administration of this standard lies with
ISO. This is represented as a PossibleIndividual 'ISO' is linked by an
instance of ResponsibilityForRepresentation to a RepresentationOfThing; the
latter links the ClassOfInformationObject 'ISO 15926-7' to a PhysicalObject
'myNumberedCopy of ISO 15926-7'.
DEFINITION A RightNamespace is a Namespace that indicates that the
classOfPart is the right most part of the classOfWhole .
EXAMPLE When ZH is the namespace in 5367ZH, this is indicated by a
Namespace relationship between them.
DEFINITION A Role is a RoleAndDomain that indicates what some thing has to do
with an Activity , Relationship , or MultidimensionalObject .
EXAMPLE Employee is a Role that indicates what a temporal part of a person
has to do with an employment relation.
EXAMPLE Pumper is a Role that indicates what a temporal part of a pump has to
do with a pumping Activity.
DEFINITION A RoleAndDomain is a Class that specifies the domain and role for
an end of a ClassOfRelationship or ClassOfMultidimensionalObject .
NOTE A RoleAndDomain is analogous to specifying an EXPRESS attribute or its
inverse.
EXAMPLE "Husband and man" and "wife and woman" are examples of RoleAndDomain.
DEFINITION A Scale is a ClassOfIsomorphicFunctionalMapping whose members are
members of PropertyQuantification . It indicates the NumberSpace a
PropertySpace maps to for the Scale in question.
EXAMPLE The link that is known as the Celsius scale between the ClassOfNumber
'[-273, inf]' and the ClassOfProperty 'temperature' can be represented by an
instance of Scale.
DEFINITION A Shape is a Property that depends on constant relations of
position and proportionate distance among all the points composing its
outline or its external surface.
EXAMPLE '20mm diameter circle' and '10-20mm diameter circles' are examples
of Shape .
EXAMPLE 2 Irregular forms such as the outer envelope of a model of pump can
be represented by instances of Shape .
DEFINITION A ShapeDimension is a ClassOfClassOfIndividual that is a set of
IndividualDimension that defines an aspect of a Shape .
EXAMPLE 'Diameter of 5m', 'height of 3mm', and 'width of 10cm' are members
of ShapeDimension .
DEFINITION A SinglePropertyDimension is a PropertySpace that is a single and
complete continuum of properties each of which maps to a single number.
EXAMPLE 'Temperature', 'pressure', 'viscosity', and 'length' are examples of
SinglePropertyDimension .
DEFINITION A SpatialLocation is a PhysicalObject that has continuity of
relative position.
EXAMPLE 'Geographic datum', 'license block', 'construction area', 'country',
'air corridor', 'maritime traffic zone', 'hazard control zone', '4D points',
'lines', 'planes', 'solids' are instances of SpatialLocation .
DEFINITION A SpecializationByDomain is a Relationship that indicates that the
member of the RoleAndDomain is a Specialization of the domain Class.
EXAMPLE Manufacturing company is a specialization of the company domain.
DEFINITION A SpecializationByRole is a Relationship that indicates that the
RoleAndDomain is of the Role indicated by the superclass.
EXAMPLE Manufacturing company is a specialization by role of manufacturer.
DEFINITION A SpecializationOfIndividualDimensionFromProperty is a
Specialization that indicates the members of the IndividualDimension are
members of the Property .
EXAMPLE An IndividualDimension 'diameter of 10m' is a subclass of the
Property 'length of 10m'.
DEFINITION A Status is a ClassOfIndividual that is a characteristic or
quality that is described by discrete, unordered values.
NOTE Degrees of openness or paintedness are represented as instances of
Property and not instances of Status .
EXAMPLE The classes known as 'open', 'painted', 'approved', 'old', 'new',
'worn', 'hazardous', 'safe', 'dangerous', 'happy', 'sad', and 'rusty' can all
be represented as instances of Status .
DEFINITION A Stream is a PhysicalObject that is material or energy moving
along a path, where the path is the basis of identity and may be constrained.
The Stream consists of the temporal parts of those things that are in the
Stream whilst they are in it.
EXAMPLE Flux is a 4D-constrained case of Stream where the path crosses a
surface.
EXAMPLE The naphtha flowing in a pipe between a crude distillation unit and a
platformer is a Stream .
DEFINITION A TemporalBounding is a CompositionOfIndividual that indicates
that the part Event is a temporal boundary of the whole PossibleIndividual .
EXAMPLE The Event of the birth of JohnDoe is linked to JohnDoe by an instance
of TemporalBounding that is a Beginning .
DEFINITION A TemporalSequence is a Relationship that indicates that one
PossibleIndividual precedes another in a temporal sense.
EXAMPLE The Relationship that indicates that the PossibleIndividual that is
the construction phase of a plant precedes the PossibleIndividual that is the
commissioning phase of a plant can be represented by an instance of
TemporalSequence .
EXAMPLE The Relationship that indicates that the PeriodInTime known as the
industrial revolution preceded the PeriodInTime known as the information
revolution can be represented by an instance of TemporalSequence .
DEFINITION A TemporalWholePart is a CompositionOfIndividual that indicates
that one PossibleIndividual is a temporal part of another PossibleIndividual.
The spatial extent of the temporal part is that of the temporal whole for the
period of the existence of the temporal part. Relationships that apply to the
whole PossibleIndividual also apply to the temporal parts of the
PossibleIndividual, except when the relationships relate to the temporal
nature of the whole. So if a PossibleIndividual is connected so are all its
temporal parts, but being a WholeLifeIndividual is not inherited by its
temporal parts.
NOTE Since TemporalWholePart is transitive (inherited from its supertype) a
hierarchy of temporal parts is possible, with a WholeLifeIndividual at the top.
EXAMPLE The Relationship that indicates that an operating period of a pump is
a temporal part of the pump can be represented by an instance of
TemporalWholePart .
EXAMPLE The Relationship that indicates that the time period known as March
1999 is part of the period known as 1st Quarter 1999 can be represented by an
instance of TemporalWholePart .
DEFINITION A Thing is anything that is or may be thought about or perceived,
including material and non-material objects, ideas, and actions. Every Thing
is either a PossibleIndividual , or an AbstractObject .
NOTE Every Thing is identifiable within a system by means of rdf:ID..
System identifiers created by other systems and received as part of a data
exchange may be stored for future reference as an identification, referring to
the originating organisation or system.
NOTE Every example provided for other entity data types declared in this
schema is also an example of Thing .
DEFINITION A UnionOfSetOfClass is a FunctionalMapping that indicates that the
membership of the result Class is the union of the members of the
EnumeratedSetOfClass classes.
EXAMPLE The union of the EnumeratedSetOfClass {{A,B,C},{B,C,D},{C,D,E}} is
{A,B,C,D,E}.
DEFINITION An UpperBoundOfNumberRange is a Relationship that indicates an
ArithmeticNumber is the largest value in a NumberRange .
EXAMPLE The instance of RealNumber that is represented by the instance of
ExpressReal '5.3' has an UpperBoundOfNumberRange relationship with the
instance of NumberRange'[3.1 to 5.3]'.
DEFINITION An UpperBoundOfPropertyRange is a Classification that indicates
that the Property is the upper bound of the PropertyRange .
EXAMPLE The instance of Property that is represented by the instance of
ExpressReal '+20' has an UpperBoundOfPropertyRange relationship with the
instance of PropertyRange'[-10 to +20 degrees Celsius]'.
DEFINITION A UsageOfRepresentation is a Relationship that indicates that the
RepresentationOfThing is used by the PossibleIndividual . Usage does not
imply responsibility.
EXAMPLE The sign "P101" is used by the XYZ company to represent a particular
pump in a design.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaAnyUri is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents a URI as defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes
Second Edition, chapter 3.2.17. An anyURI value can be absolute or relative,
and may have an optional fragment identifier (i.e. it may be a URI Reference).
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaBase64Binary is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation
that represents Base64-encoded arbitrary binary data, as defined by W3C
Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, chapter 3.2.16.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaBoolean is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
supports the mathematical concept of binary-valued logic:{true, false}, as
defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition,
chapter 3.2.2.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaDateTime is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents a Gregorian date , as defined by W3C Recommendation
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, chapter 3.2.9.
NOTE This Class is used in an OWL context in lieu of the
RepresentationOfGregorianDateAndUtcTime as defined in ISO 15926-2.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaDateTime is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents a Gregorian date and a UTC time, as defined by W3C Recommendation
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, chapter 3.2.7.
NOTE This Class is used in an OWL context in lieu of the
RepresentationOfGregorianDateAndUtcTime as defined in ISO 15926-2.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaDecimal is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents a subset of the real numbers, which can be represented by decimal
numerals, as defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second
Edition, chapter 3.2.3.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaDouble is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents the IEEE double-precision 64-bit floating point data type, as
defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition,
chapter 3.2.5.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaFloat is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents the IEEE single-precision 32-bit floating point data type, as
defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition,
chapter 3.2.4.
DEFINITION An XmlSchema is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents arbitrary hex-encoded binary data, as defined by W3C Recommendation
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, chapter 3.2.15.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation is a
ClassOfInformationRepresentation with a content of the data type anySimpleType
that is defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second
Edition, chapter 2.5.2.
DEFINITION An XmlSchema is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents the standard mathematical concept of the integer numbers, as
defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition,
chapter 3.3.13.
DEFINITION An XmlSchema is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents an integer with a minInclusive of 0, as defined by W3C
Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, chapter 3.3.20.
DEFINITION An XmlSchema is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation that
represents an integer with a maxInclusive of 0, as defined by W3C
Recommendation XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, chapter 3.3.14.
DEFINITION An XmlSchemaString is an XmlSchemaInformationRepresentation
that represents a string as defined by W3C Recommendation XML Schema Part 2:
Datatypes Second Edition, chapter 3.2.1.
DEFINITION A WholeLifeIndividual is a PossibleIndividual that is a member of
a ClassOfIndividual , and is not a temporal part of any other
PossibleIndividual that is also a member of the same ClassOfIndividual .
A WholeLifeIndividual includes its past and future.
NOTE A possible future temporal part of the WholeLifeIndividual is a
PossibleIndividual that is related to the WholeLifeIndividual by a
TemporalWholePart relation.
EXAMPLE A plastic cup (bounded by its 'creation' and 'destruction' Event's)
can be represented by an instance of WholeLifeIndividual . The cup whilst it
stands on this table is a temporal part of this WholeLifeIndividual .
EXAMPLE The universe for all time is a WholeLifeIndividual .